Muscles

Question 1

Trapezius

Answer 1

O: Midline from the external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line via nuchal ligament apinous process of C7-T12

I: Lateral superior border of the clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

A: Superior= elevate scapula, upward rotation of glenohumoral cavity
middle= retraction of scapula
inferior= upward roatation of glenoid cavity

N: Cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory-motor)
Ventral rami of C3 and C4 (sensory)

a.k.a suptrapezial plexus

Question 2

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 2

O: SPs of T6-T12, thoracocolumbar fascia to all lumbar and sacral SPs, posterior 1/3 of iliac crest, ribs 9-12, inferior angle of the scapula

I: Intertubercular groove of humerus

A: Adducts, extends, medial rotation of humerus

N: Thoracodorsal n.

Question 3

Levator Scapulae

Answer 3

O: Transverse processes of CV 1-4

I: medial border of scapula from superior angle to root of spine

A: elevates scapula, downward rotation of glenoid

N: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5), 3rd and 4th cervical nerve

Question 4

Rhomboideus Minor

Answer 4

O: SPs of C7-T1
I: Medial boarder of scapula at root of spine
A: Retracts scapula, downward rotation of glenoid cavity
N: Dorsal Scapular

Question 5

Rhomboideus Major

Answer 5

O: SPs of T2-T5
I: Medial border of scapula from root of spine to inferior angle
A: Retracts scapula, downward rotation of glenoid
N: Dorsal scapular

Question 6

Triangle of Auscultation

Answer 6

area posterior to 6th intercostal space, devoid of muscle

Medial: Trapezius
Lateral: Rhomboideus Major
Inferior: latissimus dorsi

Question 7

Serratus Posterior Superior

Answer 7

O: Nuchal ligament and SPs of C7-T3
I: ribs 2-5 lateral to angle
A: Elevates ribs during inspiration
N: Intercostal nerves T1-4

Question 8

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Answer 8

O: SPs of T11-L2
I: ribs 9-12 lateral to angle
A: depresses lower four ribs allowing diaphram to act during inspiration
N: Intercostal nerves T9-T11

Question 9

Splenius Cervicis

Answer 9

O: SPs of CV7-TV6
I: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of CV1- CV3
A: Extends and rotates neck to same side, binds deeper musculature
N: Dorsal primary rami

Question 10

Splenius Capitis

Answer 10

O: SPs of CV7-TV6
I: Lateral superior nuchal line and mastoid
A: Extends head. Rotates and Lateral Flexes head to the same side
N: Dorsal Rami of C2-C5

Question 11

Iliocostalis

Answer 11

Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis
O: Crest of ilium and sacrum, posterior surface of ribs at angle
I: Angle of ribs, transverse process of lower CVs
A: Extend vertebral column, lateral flexion to same side
N: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Rib–>Rib

Question 12

Longissimus

Answer 12

Thoracis, cervicis, capitis

O: Transverse processes below
I: Transverse processes above, mastoid process
A: Extends vertebral column, lateral flexion to same side, extends and rotates skull to same side
N: Dorsal Rami of spinal nerves

TP–>TP

Question 13

Spinalis

Answer 13

Thoracis, cervisis, capitis (fused with semispinalis capitis)

O: Spinous processes below
I: Spinous processes above, mastoid process
A: Extends vertebral column, lateral flexion to same side, extends skull to same side
N: Dorsal Rami of spinal nerves

SP–>SP

Question 14

Transversospinal group

Answer 14

Semispinalis, Multifidus, Roatores

O: Transverse process below
I: Spinous processes 1-6 segments above 
A: One side: rotate vertebrae above to opposite side, side bend vertebral column to the same side 
Both sides: extend the vertebral column 
N: Dorsal Rami of spinal nerves 

The fewer segments spanned=increased proprioception

Question 15

Semispinalis

Answer 15

Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis

part of transversospinal group

Span 4-6 vertebrae

Thoracis is continuous with cervicis

Cervicis stops at CV2
Capitis fuses with the spinalis capitis

Question 16

Multifidus

Answer 16

many segments, most developed in lumbar area
2-4 segments
important in extension 
(Lumbar does not rotate)
Proprioception (stabilizer)

Question 17

Rotatores

Answer 17

1-2 vertebrae, mostly in thoracic

Proprioception (stabilizer)

Question 18

Intersegmental deep back muscles

Answer 18

Deepest (6th) layer
Short muscles which span one segment 
stabilizers
feedback to postural spinal muscles 
innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves (except for posteriorlateral intertransversarii and levator costarum) 

Interspinales, Intertransversarii, Levator costarum

Question 19

Interspinales

Answer 19

Paired, span adjacent SPs of cervical and Lumbar (TVs have limited room b/w SPs)

Question 20

Intertransversarii

Answer 20

Paired (a/p) span adjacent TPs of cervical and lumbar

Ventral Posterior lateral (aka Levator Costarum) innervated by ventral rami instead of the dorsal rami

Question 21

Levator Costarum

Answer 21

Intertransversarii of the thoracic region

Elevate ribs during inspiration

Innervated by ventral rami

Question 22

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

Answer 22

O: SP of CV2
I: inferior nuchal line and occipital bone below
A: Extension and Lateral flexion of skull, minimal rotation
N: Suboccipital n (C1 dorsal ramus)

Question 23

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

Answer 23

O: Posterior tubercle of atlas
I: medial portion of inferior nuchal line and occipital bone b/w nuchal line and foramen magnum, maybe dura b/w CV1 and occiput
A:Extension and some lateral flexion
N: Suboccipital n (C1 dorsal ramus)

Question 24

Obliquus capitis inferior

Answer 24

O: SP of CV2
I: Transverse process of atlas
A: rotates skull and atlas on dens to same side (rotates head w/o inserting on skull)
N: Suboccipital n (C1 dorsal ramus)

Question 25

obliquus capitis Superior

Answer 25

O: TP of atlas I: occipital bone b/w superior and inferior nuchal line A: extension of skull and side bending to the same side N: Suboccipital n (C1 dorsal ramus)