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MSK: Exam1 > Spine/Back > Flashcards

Spine/Back Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

GSA

A

Proprioception (GTO, MS) Exteroceptive (Pain and temp)

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2
Q

GSE

A

Innervate skeletal muscle

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3
Q

GVA

A

distention, pain from “viscera” (think gut or sweat glands, arrector pili)

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4
Q

GVE

A

autonomic, smooth muscle and gland innervation

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5
Q

Dermatome

A

area of skin innervated by cutaneous branches of spinal nerve

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6
Q

Sacralization

A

Fusion of the L5 with S1 ( only have 4 L vertebrae)

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7
Q

Lumbarization

A

Lack of fusion of S1 with Sacrum (6 lumbar vertebrae)

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8
Q

Number of vertebrae

A

33 ( 5C 12T 5L 5S 4C)

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9
Q

Body of vertebrae

A

largest part, most anterior
spongy on the inside, Compact on the outside
Covered by hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

What passes through the Transverse Cervical Foramen

A

Vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic plexus

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11
Q

Cervical superior articular processes

A

Flat

Obliquely in the coronal plane

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12
Q

why is the vertebral foramen of C1 enlarged

A

to accommodate the brain stem

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13
Q

C7

A

Vertebra prominens
May lack transverse foramina
- if they are there, only transmit vertebral vein

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14
Q

Complete Costal Facet

A

located on TV 1 10 11 12

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15
Q

Thoracic superior articular process

A

Vertically in the coronal plane

Face posterior

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16
Q

Lumar Superior Articular Process

A

Vertically in the sagittal plane

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17
Q

Lumbar Puncture

A

facilitated by short non-overlapping Laminae
L5/L5 (adult)
Lower in children
(spine ends L1/L2

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18
Q

Ala of sacrum

A

fused costal and transverse processes of SV1

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19
Q

Intervertebral discs (Structure)

A

outer= anulus fibrosis: concentric rings of fibrocartilage, attaches to body by hyaline cartilage

Inner= elastic, hydrated, gelatinous mass that can move under compression

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20
Q

Intervertebral discs

A 
Thicker anterioral (C and L regions) to maintain secondary curves 
Absorb shock (can bulge past the margins under compression)
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21
Q

Ruptured vs. Herniated Disc

Study These Flashcards
A

Ruptured= tear of A.F.
Herniated=N.P. squeezes thru ruptured disc
- press on spinal nerve and cause rediculopathy

22
Q

Cervical herniation

Study These Flashcards
A

affect spinal nerves at the same level as herniation

23
Q

Lumbar regions

Study These Flashcards
A

affect the spinal nerve one or more segments lower

24
Q

Anterior longitudinal spinal ligament

Study These Flashcards
A

Anterior surface of ALL vertebrae
from occipital bone to sacrum
Deep= short fibers that connect adjacent vertebrae
Superficial= Long fibers that connect many vert
PREVENT EXS EXTENSION

25
Posterior Longitudinal spinal ligament
posterior surface of all vertebral bodies from occipital bone to sacrum > deep and superficial layers prevents EXS flexion directs IV disc herniation posteriorlaterally (thereby affecting spinal nerves) fuses with tectorial membrane
26
Zygapophysis (Facet) joint
True synovial jt around the superior/inferior articulating processes -do not limit ROM (soft tissue does)
27
ROM of cervical region
F, E, Rotation, lateral flexion
28
ROM of Thoracic region
Rotation, lateral flexion, little flexion NO extension limited by ribs, long spinous processes, and thin IV discs
29
ROM of lumbar region
F, E, Lateral rotation, NO rotation
30
Ligamentum Flavum
Joins lamina of adjacent vert Yellow due to lots of elastic fibers Limits flexion and aligns facet joints CV2 downwards
31
Interspinal ligament
Unites adjacent spinous processes | More robust in Lumbar region
32
Supraspinal ligament
connects tips of SPs from C7 to sacrum Deep=span adjacent SPs Superficial=Spans several vertebrae Continuous with the nuchal ligament
33
Nuchal Ligament
Median extension of supraspinal ligament Intermuscular septum for poster deep muscles of the neck --->muscle attachment that does not require extra long spinous processes that would limit ROM
34
Intervertebral foramina contents
``` Dorsal and ventral roots DRG Spinal nerve Spinal a. Intervertebral v. ```
35
Lateral atlantoaxial articulation
synovial joint b/w C1 and C2 articular process
36
Median Atlantoaxial articulation
Pivot synovial joint b/w dens and anterior arch of C1 | "No"
37
Alar ligament
from dens to the occipital condyles (very strong) | tear increase rotation by 30 degrees (think Owls)
38
Tectorial membrane
covers dens and associated ligaments | From foramen magnum to C2 where it becomes with posterior longitudinal spinal ligament
39
Spondylolysis
defect in the pars interarticularis of the neural arch of adjacent vertebrae (decreased integrity b/w) bilateral=spondylolisthesis Causes the entire part of spine above the defect to slide forward most common in L5 and S1
40
Spinal arteries
run parallel to the vertebral column | enter the intervertebral foramen and divide into ossesous branches and neural branches
41
Osseous branches
anastomose with branches above, below, and across to form plexuses within the vertebral canal between the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum
42
Neural Branches
Provide radicular branches which travel with spinal nerve and beyond
43
Radicular arteries
All spinal nerve roots have an associated radicular artery end before reaching the anterior or posterior arteries
44
Spinal veins
4 plexuses drain the vertebral column all four run the entire length all freely communicate with each other DO NOT possess valves
45
Vein Plexuses
Anterior external Posterior external Anterior internal- in epidural space, next to posterior longitudianl ligament Posterior internal- epidural space, next to laminae ligamenta flava
46
Basivertebral veins
drain bodies of teh vertebrae to the anterior internal plexus
47
intervertebral veins
receive drainage from ALL plexuses and pass through the intervertebral foramina
48
Suboccipital triangle
``` Lat/sup: Obliquus capitis superior Lat/inf: obliquus capitis inferior Medial: rectus capitis posterior major Roof: semispinalis capitis floor: posterior atlantooccipital membrane and the posterior arch of atlas ``` contains vertebral artery, Suboccipital nerve, Greater occipital nerve
49
Suboccipital nerve
C1 dorsal ramus | pierces posterior atlantooccipital membrane where it passes thru the triangle to innovate at suboccipital muscles
50
Greater occipital nerve
pierces semispinalis capitis and trap to innervate the posterior skull (think tension HA)
51
How to check for spinal accessory nerve integrity
ask pt to shrug shoulders against resistance, any disparity implies injury to spinal accessory

MSK: Exam1 (6 decks)

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