Radiology Flashcards
(23 cards)
Xray
Uses ionizing radiation to knock electrons off of things
-good for radiography, fluoroscopy (real-time visualization , CT
(CXR, mammography, KUB, skull, bones, spine
CT advantages
- More density discrimination
- Can do x-section
- Functional info
- Less invasive
- Higher resolution
- Faster (better for critical pt)
Nuclear Medicine
Gamma rays
-evaluates function rather than structure using radioactive tracer
-Therapies for Thyroid cancers (rad I)
Ex= PET
PET
Uses FDG (glucose analogue) -looks for things that take up a lot of glucose (like cancer)
Ultrasound
Uses sound waves below the threshold of human hearing
- safe, noninvasive, cheap, visualizes motion
- based on technician skill, does not penetrate bone or air, lots of artifacts
MRI
Uses rotating protons (no-ionizing radiation)
Advantages of MRI
- Can use any plane of section
- Bone does not obscure image
- can visualize soft tissue
Best method for brain and spine scans
disadvantages/contraindications of MRI
low signal areas (lungs) claustrophobia incompatable with metal implants (pacemakers, cochlear implants, etc) artifacts pt movement difficult
Dobhoff tube
NEEDS to be below EG junction, in duodenum
Type of feeding tube
if they end up in the trachea pull it and repeat CXR
NG tube
must be in both parts of stomach (not used for feeding) Pushes gas out of stomach
if they end up in trachea, pull out and repeat CXR
ETT
5-7 cm above carina in an adult (at clavicular head)
bad if in esophagus
PIC/IF/SCV
Goes in mid superior vena cava
Aortic balloon cath
Tip at aortic arch
Chest drains
both ports in chest, basal and post for effusion anterior and apic for ptx
-bad if in liver, spleen or mediastinum
pulmonary artery cath
main pulmonary artery
Subdural hematomas
Venous Crescent shaped crosses sutures generally chronic urgent not emergent
Epidural hematoma
arterial
lens/football shaped
limited by sutures
medical emergency
Checklist for Lateral Spinal Radiographs
1) 3 lines of alignment (ant body, post body, laminospinal junction line)
2) appropriate number of vertebrae
3) uniformity of body heights
4) uniformity of IV space height
5) Osseous density
Checklist for A/P Spinal Radiographs
Vertebral alignment Uniformity of body heights uniformity of IV space height osseous density pedicles, SPs, TPs, Facet joints
“Scotty Dog” view of posteriorlateral lumbar spine
ears= superior articular process eyes=pedicle neck= pars interarticularis body of dog=lamina/SP legs= inferior articular processes
Spondylolysis
breakage of Dog’s neck, i.e. pars interarticularis **uniliateral so vertebrae do not move
Spondylolisthesis
result of bilateral spondylolysis causing the subluxation of the vertebrae (typically L5 over S1)
Perched or Locked Facet
Occurs in cervical vertebrae as a result of hyperflexion
perches one vertebrae over the other on the facet joints
-tears ligamentum flavum
