Muscles

Question 1

Elbow muscles - location - concentric movement

Answer 1

Biceps brachii - Anterior - Flexion
Triceps brachii - Posterior - Extension

Question 2

Shoulder muscles - location - concentric movement

Answer 2

Deltoid - Anterior, posterior, lateral - Flex/ext/abd *
Biceps brachii - Anterior - Flexion
Triceps brachii - Posterior - Extension

Question 3

Hip muscles - location - concentric movement

Answer 3

Gluteus maximus - Posterior - Extension
Hamstrings - Posterior - Extension
Rectus femoris - Anterior - Flexion
Iliopsoas - Anterior - Flexion

Question 4

Knee muscles - location - concentric movement

Answer 4

Quadriceps femoris - anterior - Extension
Hamstrings - posterior - Flexion
Gastrocnemius - Posterior - Flexion

Question 5

Ankle muscles - location - concentric movement

Answer 5

Tibialis anterior - anterior - dorsiflexion
Triceps suprae - posterior - plantarflexion

Question 6

What are the following in anatomical levers
- lever
- fulcrum
- applied force
- load

Answer 6

lever = bone
fulcrum = joint
applied force = muscle contraction
load = weight being moved

Question 7

What are the purposes of the three classes of lever and what is the position of the ( fulcrum, force load)

Answer 7

Class 1 - Stabilises joint position - fulcrum between load and force

Class 2 - Effective at overcoming heavy loads - load between force and fulcrum

Class 3 - Large range of motion (speed) - force between load and fulcrum

Question 8

What are the differences between parallel and pennate fibre arrangements in terms of range of motion (ROM)

Answer 8

Parallel arrange vertically resulting in a smaller cross sectional area allowing larger ROM whereas pennate arrange obliquely resulting in a greater cross sectional area and therefore smaller ROM

Question 9

What are the differences between parallel and pennate fibre arrangements in terms of tension

Answer 9

Parallel arrangement fits a smaller number of muscle fibres compared to pennate arrangement and as more fibres produces more tension parallel arrangement produces less tension than pennate arrangement.

Question 10

Different muscles roles and description

Answer 10

Agonist - Creates movement
Antagonist - opposes/controls movement
Stabiliser - Holds joint still
Neutraliser - Stops unwanted movement

Question 11

Types of muscle action and description

Answer 11

Concentric - Muscle is active where tension is greater than the load causing the muscle to shorten resulting in a change in joint position

Eccentric - Muscle is active where tension is lesser than the load causing the muscle to elongate resulting in a change in joint position

Isometric - Muscle is active where tension does not outweigh the load resulting in no change in muscle length or joint position.