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Anatomy of the upper limb > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

Proximal/distal attachments, nerve supply, actions (46 cards)

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1
Q

Anterior axio-appendicular muscles

A

Pec major & minor, serratus anterior, sub-clavius

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2
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Proximal: the anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle and the anterior surface of the sternum
Distal: lateral lip of inter-tubercular groove
Nerve supply: lateral and medial pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
Action: Adduction, medially rotates humerus, flexes & extends humerus

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3
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Proximal: ribs 3-5
Distal: coracoid process of scapula
Nerve supply: medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)
Action: Stabilizes scapula, Assists in protraction and retraction

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4
Q

Sub-clavius

A

Proximal: junction of 1st rib
Distal: inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
Nerve supply: nerve to subclavius (C5-C6)
Action: Anchors and depresses clavicle, stabilizes sternoclavicular joint

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5
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Proximal: External surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1–8
Distal: Anterior surface of medial border of scapula
Nerve supply: Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
Action: Protracts scapula, holds scapula against thoracic wall, rotates scapula upwards

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6
Q

Posterior axio-appendicular muscles

A

Trapezius, Latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid minor and major

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7
Q

Trapezius

A

Proximal: Medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7–T12
Distal: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
Nerve supply: Spinal accessory nerve and spinal nerves C3, C4
Action: elevate, depress, retract and upwards rotation of scapula

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8
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Proximal: Spinous processes of T7–T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3–4 ribs
Distal: Floor of intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) of humerus
Nerve supply: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6–C8)
Action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus, Raises body toward arms during climbing

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9
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Proximal: Transverse processes of C1–C4
Distal: Superior part of medial border of scapula
Nerve supply: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and cervical nerves (C3–C4)
Action: Elevates scapula, Tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula downward

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10
Q

Rhomboid major

A

Proximal: Spinous processes of T2–T5
Distal: Medial border of scapula (from spine to inferior angle)
Nerve supply: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4–C5)
Action: Retracts scapula, Rotates scapula downward, Fixes scapula to thoracic wall

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11
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Proximal: Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7–T1
Distal: Medial end of scapular spine
Nerve supply: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4–C5)
Action: Same as rhomboid major

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12
Q

Scapulohumeral muscles

A

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, teres minor, Teres major, Subscapularis, Deltoid

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13
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Proximal: Supraspinous fossa
Distal: Greater tubercle
Nerve supply: Suprascapular (C4–C6)
Action: Initiates abduction, stabilization

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14
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Proximal: Infraspinous fossa
Distal: Greater tubercle
Nerve supply: Suprascapular (C5–C6)
Action: Lateral rotation, stabilization

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15
Q

Teres minor

A

Proximal: Lateral border of scapula
Distal: Greater tubercle
Nerve supply: Axillary (C5–C6)
Action: Lateral rotation, adduction, stabilization

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16
Q

Teres major

A

Proximal: Inferior angle of scapula
Distal: Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus
Nerve supply: Lower subscapular (C5–C6)
Action: Adduction, medial rotation

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17
Q

Subscapularis

A

Proximal: Subscapular fossa
Distal: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Nerve supply: Upper & lower subscapular (C5–C7)
Action: Medial rotation, adduction, stabilization

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18
Q

Deltoid

A

Proximal: Clavicle, acromion, scapular spine
Distal: Deltoid tuberosity
Nerve supply: Axillary (C5–C6)
Action: Flexion, abduction, extension, rotation of arm

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19
Q

Anterior arm muscles

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A

Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

20
Q

Biceps brachii

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A

Proximal:
Short head: coracoid process
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle
Distal: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
Nerve supply: Musculocutaneous (C5–C6)
Action: Supinates and flexes forearm

21
Q

brachialis

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A

Proximal: Distal half of anterior humerus
Distal: Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
Nerve supply: Musculocutaneous (C5–C6), radial (minor)
Action: Flexes forearm in all positions

22
Q

coracobrachialis

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A

Proximal: Coracoid process of scapula
Distal: Medial surface of humerus (middle third)
Nerve supply: Musculocutaneous (C5–C7)
Action: Flexes and adducts arm

23
Q

Posterior arm muscles

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A

Triceps brachii, anconeous

24
Q

Triceps brachii

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A

Proximal:
Long: infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral: humerus (above radial groove)
Medial: humerus (below radial groove)
Distal: Olecranon of ulna, fascia of forearm
Nerve supply: Radial (C6–C8)
Action: Extends forearm, long head extends & adducts arm

25
Anconeous
Proximal: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Distal: Lateral olecranon and posterior ulna Nerve supply: Radial (C7–T1) Action: Assists extension, stabilizes elbow, abducts ulna in pronation
26
Anterior forearm muscles
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorium superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollics longus, pronator quadratus
27
Pronator teres
Proximal: Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus Ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna Distal: Lateral surface of radius Nerve supply: Median (C6–C7) Action: Pronates forearm, flexes elbow
28
flexor carpi radialis
Proximal: Medial epicondyle of humerus Distal: Base of 2nd (and sometimes 3rd) metacarpal Nerve supply: Median (C6-C7) Action: Flexes and abducts wrist
29
palmaris longus
Proximal: Medial epicondyle of humerus Distal: Distal half of flexor retinaculum & palmar aponeurosis Nerve supply: Median (C7–C8) Action: Flexes wrist, tenses palmar aponeurosis
30
flexor carpi ulnaris
Proximal: Humeral head: medial epicondyle Ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna Distal: Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal Nerve supply: Ulnar (C7–C8) Action: Flexes and adducts wrist
31
flexor digitorium superficialis
Proximal: Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle and coronoid process Radial head: superior half of anterior radius Distal: Shafts of middle phalanges of digits 2–5 Nerve supply: Median (C7–T1) Action: Flexes PIP joints of 2–5; assists with MCP & wrist flexion
32
flexor digitorum profundus
Proximal: Proximal ¾ of anterior and medial ulna & interosseous membrane Distal: Bases of distal phalanges of digits 2–5 Nerve supply: median (lateral half) and ulnar (medial half) Action: Flexes DIP joints of digits 2–5; assists in flexion of PIP, MCP, and wrist
33
flexor pollics longus
Proximal: Anterior radius and adjacent interosseous membrane Distal: Base of distal phalanx of thumb Nerve supply: Median (AIN) (C8–T1) Action: Flexes thumb (IP joint)
34
pronator quadratus
Proximal: Distal ¼ of anterior ulna Distal: Distal ¼ of anterior radius Nerve supply: Median (AIN) (C8–T1) Action: Pronates forearm; stabilizes distal radioulnar joint
35
Posterior forearm muscles
Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorium, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, supinator, extensor indicis, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
36
Brachioradialis
Proximal: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Distal: Lateral surface of distal radius Nerve supply: Radial nerve (C5–C7) Action: Flexes forearm
37
extensor carpi radialis longus
Proximal: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Distal: Base of 2nd metacarpal Nerve supply: Radial nerve (C6–C7) Action: Extends and abducts wrist
38
extensor carpi radialis brevis
Proximal: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Distal: Base of 3rd metacarpal Nerve supply: Deep branch of radial nerve (C7–C8) Action: Extends and abducts wrist
39
extensor digitorium
Proximal: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Distal: Extensor expansions of digits 2–5 Nerve supply: Radial nerve Action: Extends MCP and IP joints of digits 2–5
40
extensor digiti minimi
Proximal: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Distal: Extensor expansion of digit 5 Nerve supply: Radial nerve Action: Extends digit 5 at all joints
41
extensor carpi ulnaris
Proximal: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna Distal: Base of 5th metacarpal Nerve supply: Radial nerve Action: Extends and adducts wrist
42
supinator
Proximal: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments, crest of ulna Distal: Lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal radius Nerve supply: Radial nerve Action: Supinates forearm
43
extensor indicis
Proximal: Posterior ulna and interosseous membrane Distal: Extensor expansion of digit 2 Nerve supply: Radial nerve Action: Extends index finger independently and assists wrist extension
44
abductor pollicis longus
Proximal: Posterior surfaces of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane Distal: Base of 1st metacarpal Nerve supply: Radial nerve Action: Abducts and extends thumb at CMC joint
45
extensor pollicis longus
Proximal: Posterior ulna and interosseous membrane Distal: Base of distal phalanx of thumb Nerve supply: Radial nerve Action: Extends distal phalanx of thumb at IP joint
46
extensor pollicis brevis
Proximal: Posterior radius and interosseous membrane Distal: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb Nerve supply: Radial nerve Action: Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at MCP joint

Anatomy of the upper limb (7 decks)

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