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Comparative Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Three components of muscle function

A
  1. moving
  2. stopping motion
  3. Electricity
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2
Q

myofibrils with repeating units

A

sarcomeres

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3
Q

what is it called when contractions can contract themselves

-this is involuntary

A

intrinsic

-cardiac muscle

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4
Q

attach muscle to bone

A

tendon

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5
Q

thin flat sheet

A

aponeurosis

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6
Q

bind parts of the body together

A

fascia

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7
Q

link bones

A

ligament

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8
Q

3 connective tissues

A
  1. tendon
  2. fascia
  3. ligament
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9
Q

transfer force, energetically cheap, and allow finer motion

A 
tendons 
more fibers (wider) =more strength
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10
Q

are perpendicular to longitudinal axis at thickest area

A

Morphological CS

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11
Q

area of all muscle fibers perpendicular to their longitudinal axes

A

Physiological CS

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12
Q

muscles that allow for greater control but reduces strength

-pecrotalis muscles

A

convergent muscles

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13
Q

action at angle to contraction

-heavy load for a short distance

A

pennate muscles

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14
Q

sphincters are this kind of muscle

A

circular muscle

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15
Q

this muscle is better for strength

A

semimembranosus

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16
Q

this muscle is better for speed

A

Gluteus medius

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17
Q

bend one part relative to another

A

flexors

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18
Q

straighten

A

extensors

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19
Q

draw a limb toward midline

ex/ levator- close jaws

A

adductor

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20
Q

move limb away from midline

ex/ depressors-open jaws

A

abductor

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21
Q

project part

A

protractors

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22
Q

bring it back

A

retractors

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23
Q

rotators

A

supinators

pronators

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24
Q

turn limbs

A

rotators

25
Q

rotate palm or sole up

A

supinators

26
Q

rotate palm or sole down

A

pronatoes

27
Q

close openings

A

constrictors or sphincters

28
Q

open openings

A

dilators

29
Q

muscle contraction is in like with action

A

parallel/fusiform muscles

30
Q

muscle fibers spread out as a fan from a small insertion site

A

convergent muscles

31
Q

limb muslces form calls that migrate from_____

A

myotomes

32
Q

smooth mucles of blood vessels and some viscera

A

Mesenchyme

33
Q

smooth muscle of viscera and cardiac muscles of heart

A

hypomere

34
Q

from somites and somitomeres forn along the axial columns

A

paraxial mesoderm

35
Q

myomeres and limb muscles

A

somites

36
Q

head and pharyngeal muscles

A

somitomers

37
Q

below the gills

A

hypobranchial

38
Q

moving the gills

A

branchimetric

39
Q

In sharks and primitive fishes the appendicular muscle formes by

A

myotomes move down into limb buds

40
Q

In teleosts and amniotes the appendicular muscle formes by

A

mesenchymes streams

41
Q

same ____ genes in amniotes and teleosts and different in chondricthyes

A

hox

42
Q

close nictitating membrane in tetrapods

A

retractor bulbi (VI)

43
Q

residents of the nicittating membrane

A

pica semilunaris

44
Q

one muscle in all amniotes except mammals where it splits into 4

A

pectoralis

45
Q

amniotes have thee prominent muscles and we do not

A

epaxial

46
Q

amniotes have 4 groups of hypaxial mscles

A
  1. dorsomedial
  2. medial
  3. lateral
  4. ventral
47
Q

under vertebral column

A

dorsomedial

48
Q

insdie rib cage, transversus and interal intercostals, internal obliques

A

medial

49
Q

outisde rib cage, external obliques and intercoastals

A

lateral

50
Q

derivatives of medial and lateral-rectus abdominis-6pack

A

ventral

51
Q

trapezius and mastoid groups

A

branchiometric

52
Q

levator scapulae, rhomboideus complex, serratus muscles

A

axial muscles

53
Q

squeeze water through pharynx

A

constricors

54
Q

bend the arch

A

adductors

55
Q

gill adductor

-becomes masseter temporalis and pterygoideus in mammals

A

adductor mandibulae

56
Q

dorsal

A

levator pelatoquadRATI

57
Q

becomes stapedius and protects inner ear from loud sounds

A

depressor mandibulae

58
Q

becomes facial muscles in mammals

A

interhyoideus

59
Q

generates muscles in embryo

A

Pax 7

Comparative Anatomy (14 decks)

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