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Comparative Anatomy > the skull > Flashcards

the skull Flashcards

1
Q

chondrocranium, or it with sensory capsules, or ossifies parts of the chondrocranium

A

Neurocranium

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2
Q

bones from original cartilaginous shelf

A

chondrocranium (inside of skull)

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3
Q

bones from gill arches

A

spanchnocranium

-where is is depends on what type of organism you are

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4
Q

dermal bones

A

dermatocranium (outside of skull)

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5
Q

in this the Chondrocranium arches up laterally and seals off at top

A

chondrichthyes

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6
Q

in this the Chondrocranium ossifies at least somewhat

A

most vetrs

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7
Q

in this the Chondrocranium forms a shelf or bowl that supports brain and covers sensory structures (nasal, optic, and otic capsules)

A

primative

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8
Q

Head mesenchyme condenses next to notochord forming cartilages , including capsules, then cartilages fuse and ossify

A

Embryology

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9
Q

gives oxygen to eye and brain in splanchnocranium , lost or reduced in fast swimmers

A

spiricle

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10
Q

becomes ear ossicles, helps breathing rate and is responsible for moving the tongue

A

hyoid bone

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11
Q

takes over formation of facial bones from mesodermal cells

A

neural crest contribution

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12
Q

first or second gill arch forms jaws

next formed hyoid

A

Serial hypothesis

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13
Q

second and third arch formed madibular arch, next hyoid, parts of all incorporated into skull

A

composite hypothesis

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14
Q

in us, jaws switch from splanchnocranium to _______

A

dermatocranium

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15
Q

Branchials not associated with cranium

A

Paelostyly this is in agnathans

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16
Q

Palatoquadrate suspended from Cranium w/out help from hyoid

A

Euautostyly

placoderms and acanthodians

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17
Q

Jaws suspended from Hyomandibula

A

Hyostyly

this is in most modern sharks

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18
Q

Palatoquadrate suspended by ligaments at front and back

A

Amphistyly

early sharks

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19
Q

Jaws suspended from Hyomandibula, which is incorporated into skull (suspensorium) Symplectic

A

hyostyly

actinopterygii

20
Q

lowr jaw attaches to cranium by quadrate Hyomandibulla=Stapes and Tetrapods

A

Metautostylu

21
Q

lower jaw attaches to cranium by squamosal
Ouadrate=Incus
Articular=malleus

A

craniostyly

=us

22
Q

whats forming in dermatocranium

first is ostracoderms

A

roof of skull

23
Q

Modern Jaw (draw it out)

A

Spanchnocranium

  • quadrate/incus
  • articular/malleus
  • angular/tympanic

dermatocranium

  • maxilla
  • premaxilla
  • dentart

chondrocranium
-squamosal

24
Q

joints in skull other than jaw joint

transverse hingelike joint across skll roof and transverse, sliding basal join in roof of mouth

A

cranial kinesis

25
Q

maybe vert but no cranium

A

Haikouichthys

26
Q

simple cranium

A

hagfish

27
Q

cranium developed fairly well

A

lampreys

28
Q

added dermatocranium, forming head shield

A

ostracoderms

29
Q

used under stress in squamates and feeding and breathing in fish

A

buccal force pump

30
Q

have a kinetic joint

A

coelacanths

31
Q

jaws fuse to braincase, supposidly akinetic

A

lungfish

32
Q

had naris and labyrinthodont teeth

A

Osteolepimorphs + Tetrapods

33
Q

gill arches present in larvae and hyoid apparatus in adults

A

modern amphibians

34
Q

in frogs the hyomadibula turns to the ______

A

stapes

35
Q

vivrations sent up through jaw into jaw joint and then ear this is in early amnotes

A

auditory chain

36
Q

why do we have temporal fenestrae

A

results in stronger adduction and more space for muscles

37
Q

reptilian kinesis

A

-nerocranium remains still

38
Q

joint at the back of the skull

A

metakinesis

-primitive in lizards

39
Q

joint just behind orbit

A

mesokinesis

40
Q

joint in fron tof eye

A

prokinesis

snakes and birds

41
Q

penulous quadrate

most lizzards birds and snakes

A

streptostyly

42
Q

can slide mandible back and forth

-primitive skull and two temporal finestra

A

tuataras

43
Q

have secondary palate

A

crocodilians

44
Q

ability to flex upper jaw

A

rhynchokinesis

45
Q

muscles pull quadrate forward and palate slides along palatine

A

slider-crank Mechanism

46
Q

soft palate

A

completes to trachea

-so you can chw and breath at the same time

47
Q

when the coronal suture along the back of the skull closes prematurely

A

coronal syntosis

Comparative Anatomy (14 decks)

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