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VAP II > Muscles and tendons pelvic limb > Flashcards

Muscles and tendons pelvic limb Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the name of this muscle? and actions?

A

Biceps femoris

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2
Q

What is the origin of the biceps femoris (cranial [superficial] head)?

A

Cranial (superficial) head

Origin

  • ventrocaudal end of sacrotuberous ligament and ischial tuberosity
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3
Q

What is the insertion of the biceps femoris (cranial head)?

A

Insertion

  • via aponeurosis to fascia lata and fascia crura, to patellar ligament and tibial tuberosity
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4
Q

What is the origin of the biceps femoris caudal (deep) head?

A

Caudal (deep) head

Origin

  • ischial tuberosity
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5
Q

What is the insertion of the biceps femoris caudal (deep) head?

A

Insertion

  • via aponeurosis to fascia lata and fascia crura to insert on the tibial crest and then continues distally to contribute to the common calcaneal tendon
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6
Q

What is the action of the biceps femoris?

A
  • The cranial head can extend the hip (especially in stance phase), and weakly extend the stifle. The caudal head can flex the stifle (especially at beginning of swing phase) and extend the tarsus.
  • Working as a whole the muscle can abduct and extend the entire hindlimb. When the limb is fixed on the ground, this muscle can produce a powerful forwards thrust on the trunk.
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7
Q

What is the name of this muscle? What are its actions?

A

Semitendinosus

Action

  • Extension at the hip joint and tarsus.
  • When the limb is off the ground, it is the main flexor of the stifle, drawing the crus backwards and inwards.
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8
Q

What is the origin of semitendinosus?

A

ischial tuberosity

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9
Q

What is the insertion of semitendinosus?

A

Insertion: crural fascia, medial and cranial surface of tibia. Unites with tendon of Gracilis to the calcaneal tuberosity, contributes to the calcaneal tendon

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10
Q

What is the name of this muscle?

A

Semimembranosus

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11
Q

What is the origin of semimembranosus?

A

ischial tuberosity

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12
Q

What is the insertion of the cranial belly of semimembranosus?

A

medial condyle and medial lip of femur

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13
Q

What is the insertion of the caudal belly of semimembranosus?

A

medial condyle of tibia under medial collateral ligament

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14
Q

What are the actions of semimembranosus?

A
  • Cranial head is purely a hip extensor
  • caudal head not only extends the hip but flexes the stifle
  • When weight-bearing it is a hip extensor
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15
Q

What is the name of this muscle? What is its action?

A

Sartorius

Action

  • flexes the hip and thigh, adducts the thigh and because it fans out at the stifle it extends the stifle.
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16
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the cranial part of sartorius?

A

Cranial part

  • Origin: iliac crest and cranial ventral spine
  • Insertion: medial femoral fascia proximal to patella
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17
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the caudal part of sartorius?

A

Caudal part

  • Origin: ridge between ventral iliac spines
  • Insertion: fuses with gracilis in crural fascia before inserting into cranial border of tibia
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18
Q

What is the name of this muscle? What are its actions?

A

Gracilis

Action

  • Adduction of the limb; extension of the hip joint; flexion of the stifle; extension of the tarsus
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19
Q

What is the origin of gracilis?

A

Pelvic symphysis via symphyseal tendon

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20
Q

What is the insertion of gracilis?

A
  • Entire cranial border of tibia
  • Spreads out into crural fascia, the caudal border of which forms a well-developed reinforcing band to the common calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon)
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21
Q

What is the name of this muscle?

A

Pectineus

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22
Q

What is the origin of pectineus?

A
  • Iliopubic eminence of pubis
  • Pubic tubercle via the prepubic tendon
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23
Q

What is the insertion of pectineus?

A

Distal end of the medial lip of the caudal rough face of the femur

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24
Q

What is the action of pectineus?

A

Adduction of the thigh at hip joint

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25
What is the name of this muscle? What are its actions?
**Adductor** Adductor longus Adductor magnus *et* brevis **Action** * Adduction of the limb and extension at the hip joint
26
What is the origin of the adductor?
Pubic tubercle and entire pelvic symphysis
27
What is the insertion of the adductor?
Entire lateral lip and caudal surface of femur
28
What is the name of this muscle? What is its action?
**Gluteus superficialis (superficial gluteal)** * Extension at the hip joint
29
What is the origin of gluteus superficialis
Origin * Cranially from the gluteal fascia and sacral tuber of the Ilium * Caudally from the sacrotuberous ligament, lateral aspect of sacrum and caudal vertebra 1
30
What is the insertion of gluteus superficialis?
Distally on the Greater Trochanter of femur (weak third trochanter in dog)
31
What is the name of this muscle?
**Gluteus medius (middle gluteal)**
32
What is the origin of gluteus medius?
* Gluteal surface of ilium * the iliac crest and sacral tuber
33
What is the insertion of the gluteus medius?
Greater trochanter of femur
34
What is the action of the gluteus medius?
Action * Powerful extension at the hip joint * Medial rotator of the hip * Prevents lateral rotation under weight-bearing
35
What is the name of this muscle?
gluteus profundus (deep gluteal)
36
what is the origin of gluteus profundus?
Ilium near ischiatic spine
37
What is the insertion of gluteus profundus?
Cranial aspect of the Greater Trochanter * Synovial bursa associated with it
38
What is the action of gluteus profundus?
* Extends hip * Abducts the limb * Medially rotates the hip
39
What is the name of this muscle?
piriformis
40
What is the origin of piriformis?
* Lateral surface of third sacral and caudal vertebra * Sacrotuberous ligament
41
What is the insertion of piriformis?
Greater Trochanter of femur
42
What is the action of piriformis?
Extends the hip joint
43
What is the name of this muscle?
Tensor fascia latae
44
What is the origin of the tensor fascia latae?
* Tuber coxae of ilium * aponeurosis of Gluteus medius
45
What is the insertion of the tensor fascia latae?
Inserts into and contributes to the lateral femoral fascia = fascia lata
46
What are the two parts of the tensor fascia latae?
* Cranial, more superficial part radiates over the quadriceps femoris complex * Caudal part runs laterally deep to Biceps femoris
47
What is the action of the tensor fascia lata?
* Flexion at hip joint * Abduction of the limb * Extension of stifle joint via tensing of the lateral fascia
48
What are the four parts of the quadriceps femoris and what joints do they cross?
* Rectus femoris (hip and stifle) * Vastus lateralis (stifle only) * Vastus intermedius (stifle only) * Vastus medialis (stifle only) See image lateral and cranial views.
49
What is the name of this muscle group in the pelvic limb (cranial)?
quadriceps femoris
50
What is the origin of rectus femoris?
* body of the ilium just cranial to the acetabulum
51
What is the insertion of the rectus femoris?
* via patellar ligament on the tibial tuberosity See diagram (medial view)
52
What is the action of rectus femoris?
* flex the hip * extend the stifle via its common insertion of the quadriceps tendon
53
What is this muscle called (lateral view pelvic limb)?
Vastus lateralis
54
What is the origin and insertion of vastus lateralis?
Origin * craniolateral part of proximal 1/5th of the femur Insertion * via patellar ligament on the tibial tuberosity; unites with joint capsule
55
What is the action of vastus lateralis?
Extension of the stifle via its common insertion of the quadriceps tendon
56
What is the origin and insertion of vastus medialis (left limb medial view)?
Origin * Proximal part of the medial lip of the femur * iupper craniomedial 1/5th of femur Insertion * patella * tibial tuberosity
57
What is the origin and insertion of vastus intermedius (deep cranial view)?
Origin * with vastus lateralis and proximolateral part of femur Insertion * vastus medialis and quadriceps tendon
58
What is the action of all four parts of quadriceps femoris at the stifle?
extension at the stifle joint
59
What is the action of the internal and external obturators at the hip joint?
Rotate pelvic limb laterally at hip joint
60
What is the origin of the internal obturator (obturator internus)?
Pelvic surface of pubis and ischium medial to obturator foramen
61
What is the origin of the external obturator?
Ventral surface of pelvis adjacent to pubic symphysis
62
Where do both the internal and external obturator muscles insert?
Trochanteric fossa
63
What are these muscles that laterally rotate the thigh called? What is their origin and insertion?
Gemelli. Origin * Lateral surface of ramus of ischium Insertion * Trochanteric fossa
64
What is this muscle that laterally rotates the thigh called? What is its origin and insertion?
**Quadratus femoris** Origin * Ventral surface of ischium Insertion * Intertrochanteric crest

VAP II (11 decks)

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