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Anatomy and Physiology One > Muscles (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Muscles (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of muscle?

A

Responsiveness/excitability, conductivity, contractibility, extensibility, elasticity

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2
Q

What are the three types of muscle?

A

Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac

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3
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

Walls of hollow visceral organs: stomach, respiratory, bladder

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4
Q

Where is cardiac muscle found?

A

Heart

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5
Q

What is the function of cardiac muscle?

A

Coursing blood through the body

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6
Q

What is the function of smooth muscle?

A

Maintains blood pressure, squeezes or propels substances (food, feces, etc.) through organs

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7
Q

What is the function of skeletal muscle?

A

Responsible for locomotion

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8
Q

What are some characteristics of skeletal muscle?

A

Striated and voluntary, alternating light and dark striations, connective tissue sheaths

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9
Q

What are the connective tissue sheaths of skeletal muscle?

A

Tendon, fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

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10
Q

What is fascia?

A

Connective tissue sheath surrounding every muscle making little compartments and immediately under skin (superficial and deep)

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11
Q

What is a fasicle?

A

Bundle of muscle fibers wrapped by perimysium and with endomysium wrapping each fiber

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12
Q

What is the epimysium?

A

The outer wrapping of an individual muscle

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13
Q

What is the perimysium?

A

The outer wrapping of each fasicle

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14
Q

What is the endomysium?

A

The inner wrapping of each fasicle wrapping individual muscle fibers

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15
Q

What is a tendon?

A

Collection of the connective tissue sheaths of muscle connecting the muscle to bone

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16
Q

What are aponeuroses?

A

Connective tissue sheet connecting muscles to a wide area of attachment. ex: abdominal muscles, facial muscles to the skull

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17
Q

As an organ, what is muscle composed of?

A

Muscle tissue, blood vessels, nerve fibers, and connective tissue

18
Q

What are some characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A

Striated, but involuntary. Branched, with intercalated discs. Steady contraction rate by pacemaker, neural controls allow heart to respond to chandes in needs

19
Q

What are some characteristics of smooth muscle?

A

NONstriated and involuntary, cells are fusiform, contractions are slow and sustained.. forces food and substance thru body channels

20
Q

What is a skeletal muscle cell called?

A

Muscle fiber

21
Q

What are the parts of a muscle fiber?

A

Sarcolemma, T tubule, terminal cisternae, “triad”, sarcoplasm, sarcoplasmic reticulum, sarcomere (A band, I band, z disc, actin, myosin)

22
Q

What is the sarcolemma?

A

plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell

23
Q

What is the sarcoplasm

A

cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle cell

24
Q

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

endoplasmic reticulum of a skeletal muscle cell

25
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

The smallest contractile skeletal muscle unit, From z disc to z disc(I Band) with H zone/A band in the middle. “The region of myofibril between 2 successive z discs”

26
Q

What is the triad?

A

Two terminal cisternae and one transverse tubule (T-Tubule)

27
Q

What are the thin myofilaments in a sarcomere?

A

Actin

28
Q

What are the thick myofilaments in a sarcomere?

A

Myosin

29
Q

What is the A Band?

A

The thick filament (myosin/dark band) in the middle of a sarcomere
**Remember by “A is in dark”

30
Q

What is the I Band?

A

The thin filament (actin/light band) on the ends of sarcomere
**Remember by “I is in light”

31
Q

Superficial fascia

A

Areolar connective tissue and adipose, lies immediately beneath the skin

32
Q

Deep fascia

A

Dense irregular connective tissue, holds muscles together and separates them into functional groups

33
Q

Peri-

A

around

34
Q

Epi-

A

Above

35
Q

Endo-

A

within, inner

36
Q

Insertion

A

Where the muscle attaches to the moveable bone

37
Q

Origin

A

Where the muscle attaches to the immoveable bone

38
Q

Indirect

A

Connective tissue wrappings extend beyond the muscle as tendon/aponeurosis

39
Q

Direct

A

Epimysium fuses to the periosteum of a bone

40
Q

Z-Disc

A

coin-shaped sheet of zigzag-ing proteins that anchor the thin filaments and connect myofibrils to one another (In I band)

41
Q

Functions of muscles

A

Movement of body parts and organ contents, maintain posture/prevent movement, heat production, control of openings/passageways, communication (speech, expression, writing)

Anatomy and Physiology One (11 decks)

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