Muscles (Exam 3)

Question 1

What are the characteristics of muscle?

Answer 1

Responsiveness/excitability, conductivity, contractibility, extensibility, elasticity

Question 2

What are the three types of muscle?

Answer 2

Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac

Question 3

Where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 3

Walls of hollow visceral organs: stomach, respiratory, bladder

Question 4

Where is cardiac muscle found?

Answer 4

Heart

Question 5

What is the function of cardiac muscle?

Answer 5

Coursing blood through the body

Question 6

What is the function of smooth muscle?

Answer 6

Maintains blood pressure, squeezes or propels substances (food, feces, etc.) through organs

Question 7

What is the function of skeletal muscle?

Answer 7

Responsible for locomotion

Question 8

What are some characteristics of skeletal muscle?

Answer 8

Striated and voluntary, alternating light and dark striations, connective tissue sheaths

Question 9

What are the connective tissue sheaths of skeletal muscle?

Answer 9

Tendon, fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

Question 10

What is fascia?

Answer 10

Connective tissue sheath surrounding every muscle making little compartments and immediately under skin (superficial and deep)

Question 11

What is a fasicle?

Answer 11

Bundle of muscle fibers wrapped by perimysium and with endomysium wrapping each fiber

Question 12

What is the epimysium?

Answer 12

The outer wrapping of an individual muscle

Question 13

What is the perimysium?

Answer 13

The outer wrapping of each fasicle

Question 14

What is the endomysium?

Answer 14

The inner wrapping of each fasicle wrapping individual muscle fibers

Question 15

What is a tendon?

Answer 15

Collection of the connective tissue sheaths of muscle connecting the muscle to bone

Question 16

What are aponeuroses?

Answer 16

Connective tissue sheet connecting muscles to a wide area of attachment. ex: abdominal muscles, facial muscles to the skull

Question 17

As an organ, what is muscle composed of?

Answer 17

Muscle tissue, blood vessels, nerve fibers, and connective tissue

Question 18

What are some characteristics of cardiac muscle?

Answer 18

Striated, but involuntary. Branched, with intercalated discs. Steady contraction rate by pacemaker, neural controls allow heart to respond to chandes in needs

Question 19

What are some characteristics of smooth muscle?

Answer 19

NONstriated and involuntary, cells are fusiform, contractions are slow and sustained.. forces food and substance thru body channels

Question 20

What is a skeletal muscle cell called?

Answer 20

Muscle fiber

Question 21

What are the parts of a muscle fiber?

Answer 21

Sarcolemma, T tubule, terminal cisternae, “triad”, sarcoplasm, sarcoplasmic reticulum, sarcomere (A band, I band, z disc, actin, myosin)

Question 22

What is the sarcolemma?

Answer 22

plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell

Question 23

What is the sarcoplasm

Answer 23

cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle cell

Question 24

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 24

endoplasmic reticulum of a skeletal muscle cell

Question 25

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 25

The smallest contractile skeletal muscle unit, From z disc to z disc(I Band) with H zone/A band in the middle. "The region of myofibril between 2 successive z discs"

Question 26

What is the triad?

Answer 26

Two terminal cisternae and one transverse tubule (T-Tubule)

Question 27

What are the thin myofilaments in a sarcomere?

Answer 27

Actin

Question 28

What are the thick myofilaments in a sarcomere?

Answer 28

Myosin

Question 29

What is the A Band?

Answer 29

The thick filament (myosin/dark band) in the middle of a sarcomere **Remember by "A is in dark"

Question 30

What is the I Band?

Answer 30

The thin filament (actin/light band) on the ends of sarcomere **Remember by "I is in light"

Question 31

Superficial fascia

Answer 31

Areolar connective tissue and adipose, lies immediately beneath the skin

Question 32

Deep fascia

Answer 32

Dense irregular connective tissue, holds muscles together and separates them into functional groups

Question 33

Peri-

Answer 33

around

Question 34

Epi-

Answer 34

Above

Question 35

Endo-

Answer 35

within, inner

Question 36

Insertion

Answer 36

Where the muscle attaches to the moveable bone

Question 37

Origin

Answer 37

Where the muscle attaches to the immoveable bone

Question 38

Indirect

Answer 38

Connective tissue wrappings extend beyond the muscle as tendon/aponeurosis

Question 39

Direct

Answer 39

Epimysium fuses to the periosteum of a bone

Question 40

Z-Disc

Answer 40

coin-shaped sheet of zigzag-ing proteins that anchor the thin filaments and connect myofibrils to one another (In I band)

Question 41

Functions of muscles

Answer 41

Movement of body parts and organ contents, maintain posture/prevent movement, heat production, control of openings/passageways, communication (speech, expression, writing)