Flashcards in Muscles List Deck (154)
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1
Trapezius
O:Medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligamemt,spinous process of C7-T12
I:lateral third of clavicle,acromion, spine of scapula,
A: upper trap (descending) elevates the scapula, lower (ascending) trap depresses the scapula, middle trap retracts the scapula, the descending and ascending traps act to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly
In: spinal accesory nerve Cranial Nerve XI motor fibers, C3/C4 spinal nerves, pain and proprioceptive fibers
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Latissimus Dorsi
O: spinous processes of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3 or 4 ribs
I: floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
A: extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus, raises body toward arm while climbing
In: thoracodorsal nerve C6, C7, C8
3
Rhomboid Major
O: spinous proceses of T2-T5
I: medial border of the scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
A: retract the scapula, rotate it to depress the glenoid cavity, fixes scapula to thoracic wall
In: dorasal scapular nerve C4, C5
4
Rhomboid Minor
O: nucal ligament, spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae
I: smooth triangular area at medial end of the scapular spine
A: retract the scapula, rotate it to depress the glendoid cavity, fixes scapula to thoracic wall
IN: dorsal scapular nerve C4, C5
5
Levator Scapulae
O: posterior of tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
I: medial border of the scapula, superior to the root of the spine
A: elevate the scapula and rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
IN: dorsal scapular nerve C5; cervical nerves C4,C5
6
Serratus Posterior Superior
O: nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae
I: superior borders of the 2nd-4th ribs
A: elevate ribs
IN: 2nd-5th intercostal nerves
7
Serratus Posterior Inferior
O: spinous process of T11-L2
I: inferior borders of 8th-12th ribs near their angles
A: depress ribs
IN: anterior rami of T9-T12 thoracic spinal nerves
8
Splenius Capitis
O: nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T3/T4 vertebrae
I: fibers run superolaterally to mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral third of superior nuchal line of occipital bone
A: acting unilaterally: laterally flex neck and rotate head ipsilaterally
Acting bilaterally: extend head and neck
IN: posterior rami of spinal nerve
9
Splenius Cervicis
O: nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6 vertebrae
I: tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3 vertebrae
A: acting unilaterally: laterally flex neck and rotate head ipsilaterally
Acting bilaterally: extend head and neck
IN: posterior rami of spinal nerves
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Iliocostalis
O: arises by a broad tendon from the posterior part of iliac crest; posterior surface of sacrum; sacroiliac ligaments; sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes; supraspinous ligament
I: lumborum, thoracis, cervicis; fibers run superiorly to angles of the lower ribs and cervical transverse processes
A: acting bilaterally: extend the vertebral column and head; as back is flexed control movement via eccentric contraction;
acting unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column
IN: posterior rami of spinal nerves
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Longissimus
O: arises by a broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, posterior surface of sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament
I: thoracis, cervicis, capitis; fibers run superiorly to ribs between tubercles and angles of transverse processes in the thoracic and cervical regions, and to mastoid process of temporal bone
A: acting bilaterally: extend the vertebral column and head; as back is flexed control movement via eccentric contraction;
acting unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column
IN:posterior rami of spinal nerves
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Spinalis
O:arises by a broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, posterior surface of sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament
I: thoracis, cervicis, capitis, fibers run superiorly to the spinous processes in the upper thoracic region and to cranium
A: acting bilaterally: extend the vertebral column and head; as back is flexed control movement via eccentric contraction;
acting unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column
IN: posterior rami of spinal nerves
13
Obliquus Capitis Superior
O: transverse processes of C1 vertebrae
I: occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines
A: lateral flexion and extension of the head and heck
IN: suboccipital nerve
14
Obliquus Capitis Inferior
O: spinous processes of C2
I: transverse processes of C1
A: rotate the head ipsilaterally
IN: suboccipital nerve
15
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
O: spinous process of C2 vertebrae
I: lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone
A: acting unilaterally: rotate the head ipsilaterally
acting bilaterally: extend the head and neck
IN: suboccipital nerve
16
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
O: posterior tubercles of the posterior arch of C1 vertebrae
I: medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone
A: acting unilaterally: rotate the head ipsilaterally
acting bilaterally: extend the head and neck
IN: suboccipital nerve
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Supraspinatus
O: supraspinous fossa of the scapula
I: superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
A: initiates and assists the deltoid in abduction of the arm and acts with the rotator cuff muscles
IN: suprascapular nerve C4, C5, C6
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Infraspinatus
O: infraspinous fossa of the scapula
I: middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
A: externally rotate the arm; acts with the other rotator cuff muscles; helps to hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity
IN: suprascapular nerve C5, C6
19
Teres Minor
O: middle part of the lateral border of the scapula
I: inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
A: externally rotate the arm; acts with other rotator muscles; helps to hold humeral head in place
IN: axillary nerve C5, C6
20
Teres Major
O: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
I: medial lip of interbercular groove of the humerus
A: adducts and medially rotates arm
IN: lower subscapular nerve C5, C6
21
Subscapularis
O: subscapular fossa (most of the anterior surface of scapula)
I: lesser tubercle of the humerus
A: medially rotates and adducts the arms; helps to hold the humeral head in glenoid cavity
IN: upper and lower subscapular nerves C5, C6, C7
22
Semispinalis
O: Arises from transverse processes of C4-T12 vertebrae
I: Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitus: fibers run superomedially to occipital bone and spinous processes in thoracic and cervical regions, spanning 4-6 segments
A:Extends head, thoracic and cervical regions of vertebral column and rotates them contralaterally
IN: posterior rami of spinal nerves
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Multifidus
O: Arises from posterior sacrum; posterior superior iliac spine of ilium; aponeurosis of erector spinae; sacroiliac ligaments; mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae; transverse processes of T1-T3; articular processes of C4-C7
I: Thickest in lumbar region; fibers pass obliquely superomedially to entire length of spinous processes, spanning 2-4 segments superior to the origin
A: Stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of the vertebral column
IN: posterior rami of spinal nerves
24
Rotatores (brevis and longus)
O: Arise from transverse processes of vertebrae; best developed in thoracic region
I: Fibers pass superomedially to attach to the junction of the lamina and transverse process or spinous process of vertebra immediately (brevis) or 2 segments (longus) superior to vertebra of attachment
A: Stabilize vertebrae and assist with local extension and rotatory movements of vertebral column; may function as organs of proprioception
IN: posterior rami of spinal nerves
25
Deltoids
O: lateral third of the clavicle; acromion and spine of the scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
A: anterior part: flexes and medially rotates arm
middle part: abducts arm
posterior part: extends and externally rotates arm
IN: axillary nerve C5, C6
26
Triceps Brachii
O: long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head: posterior surface of the humerus, superior to the radial groove
medial head: posterior surface of the humerus, inferior to the radial groove
I: proximal end of the olecranon of the ulna and the fascia of the forearm
A: extends the forearm; long head resists dislocation of the humerus (important during abduction)
IN: radial nerve C6, C7, C8
27
Anconeus
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna
A: assists triceps in extending forearm; stabilize elbow join; abduct ulna during pronation
IN: radial nerve C7, C8, T1
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Pectoralis Major
O: clavicular head; anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle; Sternocostal head: anterior surface of the sternum; superior 6 costal cartilages; abdominal head: aponeurosis of the external oblique
I: lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
A: horizontally adducts and medially rotates the humerus; draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly. Acting alone, the clavicular head flexes the humerus and the sternocostal extends it from the felxed position
IN: Lateral and medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head (C5, C6), sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1)
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Pectoralis Minor
O: 3rd to 5th ribs near their costal cartilage
I: medial border and the superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula
A: stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall (thus tipping the inferior angle of the scapula)
IN: medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
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