Muscles Lower Limb

Question 1

What are the main compartments of the thigh?

Answer 1

Anterior, medial, and posterior compartments.

Question 2

Which nerve supplies the quadriceps femoris?

Answer 2

Femoral nerve.

Question 3

What is the action of the sartorius muscle?

Answer 3

Flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the hip joint; flexion and medial rotation of the knee joint.

Question 4

What is the insertion point for the quadriceps femoris?

Answer 4

Base of the patella via a common tendon.

Question 5

What is the function of the rectus femoris?

Answer 5

Extends the knee joint and flexes the hip joint.

Question 6

Which muscles comprise the hamstrings group?

Answer 6

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.

Question 7

What nerve supplies the adductor muscles of the thigh?

Answer 7

Obturator nerve (except for pectineus and ischial part of adductor magnus).

Question 8

What is the function of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 8

Powerful extensor and lateral rotator of the hip joint.

Question 9

What test is used to assess the function of the gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 9

Trendelenburg’s test.

Question 10

What is the action of the tibialis anterior?

Answer 10

Dorsiflexion of the foot and inversion.

Question 11

Which muscles are responsible for plantar flexion of the foot?

Answer 11

Gastrocnemius and soleus (triceps surae).

Question 12

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Answer 12

Sartorius (laterally), adductor longus (medially), inguinal ligament (base).

Question 13

What is contained within the popliteal fossa?

Answer 13

Popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, common peroneal nerve, and popliteal lymph nodes.

Question 14

What is the shape of the femoral canal?

Answer 14

Conical in shape with the apex directed downwards.

Question 15

What are the actions of the peroneus longus and brevis?

Answer 15

Plantar flexion and eversion of the foot.

Question 16

What is pes planus?

Answer 16

Flatfoot condition that can be flexible or rigid.

Question 17

What maintains the longitudinal arches of the foot?

Answer 17

Ligaments, tendons of intrinsic muscles, and the tone of short muscles.

Question 18

What are the two types of transverse arches in the foot?

Answer 18

Anterior transverse arch (complete) and posterior transverse arch (incomplete).

Question 19

What is the role of the plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 19

Protects underlying nerves and vessels and supports the arch of the foot.

Question 20

What is the nerve supply to the gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 20

Superior gluteal nerve.

Question 21

What is the primary action of the semitendinosus?

Answer 21

Extension of the hip joint and flexion & medial rotation of the knee joint.

Question 22

Which muscle is responsible for unlocking the knee joint?

Answer 22

Popliteus.

Question 23

What is the function of the iliotibial tract?

Answer 23

Helps to steady and control movements of the pelvis and femur on the tibia.

Question 24

What are the names of the six lateral rotators of the hip?

Answer 24

Piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris, and obturator externus.

Question 25

What are the main actions of the extensor digitorum longus?

Answer 25

Extension of all joints of the lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of the foot.

Question 26

Which muscle is the strongest invertor of the foot?

Answer 26

Tibialis posterior.

Question 27

What is the action of the flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 27

Flexion of all joints of the big toe and plantar flexion of the ankle joint.

Question 28

What is the anatomical significance of the adductor hiatus?

Answer 28

It is an opening in the adductor magnus that allows structures to pass from the thigh to the popliteal fossa.

Question 29

What is the function of the flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 29

Flexion of all joints of the lateral four toes and plantar flexion of the ankle joint.

Question 30

What is the nerve supply to the gastrocnemius and soleus?

Answer 30

Tibial nerve.

Question 31

What is the primary action of the gluteus medius?

Answer 31

Abduction of the thigh and medial rotation.

Question 32

What is the role of the long plantar ligament?

Answer 32

Supports the arch of the foot.

Question 33

Name the muscles of the first layer of the foot.

Answer 33

Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and abductor digiti minimi.

Question 34

What condition results from dysfunction of the tibialis posterior?

Answer 34

Acquired flatfoot (pes planus).

Question 35

What is the action of the adductor brevis?

Answer 35

Adduction and medial rotation of the thigh.

Question 36

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for hip adduction?

Answer 36

Adductor muscles (pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus).