Nerves & Vessels Of Lower Limb

Question 1

What is the root value of the femoral nerve?

Answer 1

L2, L3, and L4

Question 2

Course of the femoral nerve

Answer 2

Runs between psoas major and iliacus, then passes behind inguinal ligament to enter femoral triangle

Question 3

Muscular branches of the femoral nerve

Answer 3

To sartorius, iliacus, pectineus, and quadriceps femoris

Question 4

Cutaneous branches of femoral nerve

Answer 4

Medial and intermediate cutaneous nerves of thigh, and saphenous nerve

Question 5

Effect of femoral nerve injury (motor)

Answer 5

Paralysis of quadriceps femoris → inability to extend knee; weak hip flexion

Question 6

Effect of femoral nerve injury (sensory)

Answer 6

Loss of sensation on front and medial side of thigh, and medial side of leg and foot

Question 7

Root value of obturator nerve

Answer 7

L2, L3, and L4

Question 8

Muscular branches of obturator nerve

Answer 8

To adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus, obturator externus, and pubic part of adductor magnus

Question 9

Cutaneous branch of obturator nerve

Answer 9

Skin of medial aspect of thigh

Question 10

What forms the sacral plexus?

Answer 10

Anterior rami of L4, L5, S1, S2, S3, and S4

Question 11

What are the components of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 11

Tibial part and common peroneal part

Question 12

Course of sciatic nerve

Answer 12

Leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis → gluteal region → back of thigh → ends at mid-thigh dividing into tibial and common peroneal

Question 13

Motor effect of sciatic nerve injury

Answer 13

Paralysis of hamstrings and all muscles of leg and foot

Question 14

Sensory effect of sciatic nerve injury

Answer 14

Loss of sensation in leg and foot except medial leg/foot and upper back of leg

Question 15

Deformity from sciatic nerve injury

Answer 15

Foot drop

Question 16

Cause of sciatica

Answer 16

Prolapsed intervertebral disc compressing sciatic nerve roots

Question 17

Tibial nerve origin and end in popliteal fossa

Answer 17

Begins at mid-thigh, ends at lower border of popliteus

Question 18

Branches of tibial nerve in popliteal fossa

Answer 18

Muscular: gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus; Cutaneous: sural nerve

Question 19

Tibial nerve injury effects

Answer 19

Paralysis of back leg and sole muscles; sensory loss on heel, sole, and lateral foot; deformity: dorsiflexion and eversion

Question 20

Origin and end of common peroneal nerve

Answer 20

Begins at mid-thigh, ends by dividing into superficial and deep peroneal nerves

Question 21

Effects of common peroneal nerve injury

Answer 21

Foot drop and inversion deformity; sensory loss on front/lateral leg and dorsum of foot

Question 22

Branches of deep peroneal nerve

Answer 22

Muscular to anterior compartment and dorsum muscles; Cutaneous to skin between big and 2nd toe

Question 23

Branches of superficial peroneal nerve

Answer 23

Muscular to peroneus longus and brevis; Cutaneous to lower anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot

Question 24

Beginning and course of femoral artery

Answer 24

Begins at mid-inguinal point; passes through femoral triangle and adductor canal; ends at adductor hiatus

Question 25

Profunda femoris artery importance

Answer 25

Its medial circumflex femoral branch supplies femur head → damaged in femoral neck fracture

Question 26

Beginning and end of popliteal artery

Answer 26

Begins at adductor hiatus, ends at lower popliteus dividing into anterior/posterior tibial

Question 27

Course of posterior tibial artery

Answer 27

Begins at lower border of popliteus, ends by dividing into medial and lateral plantar branches

Question 28

Course of anterior tibial artery

Answer 28

Begins at lower border of popliteus, ends as dorsalis pedis artery

Question 29

Dorsalis pedis artery pulse

Answer 29

Felt between tendons of extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus

Question 30

Beginning and end of great saphenous vein

Answer 30

Begins at medial dorsal venous arch, ends in femoral vein at saphenous opening

Question 31

Cause of varicose veins

Answer 31

Incompetent valves in perforating veins → reverse blood flow

Question 32

Deep veins of lower limb

Answer 32

Venae comitantes → popliteal vein → femoral vein

Question 33

Definition of venous thromboembolism

Answer 33

Clotting in veins; can present as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with oedema, tenderness, erythema