Muscles of Lower Limb

Question 1

What can muscles of the gluteal region be divided into?

Answer 1

superficial abductors and extenders

deep lateral rotator

Question 2

What are the superficial abductors and extensors of the gluteal region?

Answer 2

gluteus maximus, gluteus medias, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata

Question 3

Whats are the deep lateral rotators of the gluteal region?

Answer 3

quadrator femoris, piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior and obturator infernus

Question 4

What is the most superficial gluteal muscle?

Answer 4

Maximus

Question 5

Which part of the hip does the gluteus maximus attach to?

Answer 5

ilium sacrum and coccyx

Question 6

Where does the gluteus maximus insert?

Answer 6

iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur

Question 7

Function of gluteus maximus

Answer 7

extensor of thigh

assists with lateral rotation (finger butt example)

Question 8

Where does the gluteus medius attach?

Answer 8

ilium to greater trochanter

Question 9

Function of gluteus medius

Answer 9

abducts and medially rotates lower limb

prevents pelvic drop during locomotion

Question 10

What is the deepest gluteal muscle?

Answer 10

Gluteus minimus

Question 11

Function of gluteus minimus

Answer 11

abducts and medially rotates

Question 12

where does tensor fascia lata run?

Answer 12

anterior iliac crest (ASIS) to iliotibial tract

Question 13

Action of tensor fascia lata

Answer 13

Assists gluteus medius and minimus in abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb.

Question 14

Where does the piriformis attach?

Answer 14

Originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum. It then travels infero-laterally, through the greater sciatic foramen, to insert into the greater trochanter of the femur.

Question 15

Actions of deep gluteal muscles

Answer 15

lateral rotation and abduction

Question 16

Where does the obturator internus attach?

Answer 16

Originates from the pubis and ischium at the obturator foramen. It travels through the lesser sciatic foramen, and attaches to the greater trochanter of the femur.

Question 17

Where do the gemelli attach?

Answer 17

The superior gemellus muscle originates from the ischial spine, the inferior from the ischial tuberosity. They both attach to the greater trochanter of the femur.

Question 18

Where does the quadratus femoris attach?

Answer 18

It originates from the lateral side of the ischial tuberosity, and attaches to the quadrate tuberosity on the intertrochanteric crest.

Question 19

What are the three major muscles in the anterior thigh?

Answer 19

pectineus
sartorius
quadriceps femoris
(also iliopsoas)

Question 20

Where does the pectineus run from?

Answer 20

pectineal line of pelvis to pectineal line of posterior femus (just inferior to lesser trochanter)

Question 21

What does pectineus do?

Answer 21

Adduction and flexion at hip

Question 22

Where does sartorius attach?

Answer 22

Originates from the anterior superior iliac spine, and attaches to the superior, medial surface of the tibia.

Question 23

Actions of sartorius

Answer 23

At the hip joint, it is a flexor, abductor and lateral rotator. At the knee joint, it is also a flexor.

Question 24

Briefly, what are quadriceps?

Answer 24

4 big muscles that cause you to extend your knee, except rectus femoris (which makes you extend your knee and flex your hip -kicking muscle)

Question 25

What are the quadriceps?

Answer 25

vastus lateralis vastus intermedius vastus medialis rectus femoris

Question 26

What is the only muscle of the quadriceps to cross both the hip and knee joints

Answer 26

rectus femoris

Question 27

What does vastus medialis do?

Answer 27

grabbing the patella and bringing it into the groove between the femoral condyles

Question 28

What two muscles is iliopsoas made up from?

Answer 28

psoas major and iliacus

Question 29

Action of iliopsoas

Answer 29

Flexes at hip joint at lateral rotation at the hip joint

Question 30

Where does psoas major originate from?

Answer 30

Lumbar vertebrae

Question 31

Where does iliacus originate from?

Answer 31

iliac fossa of pelvis

Question 32

Where does iliopsoas insert?

Answer 32

lesser trochanter

Question 33

What is the iliotibial tract?

Answer 33

longitudinal fibrous reinforcement of the fascia lata

Question 34

What are the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh collectively known as?

Answer 34

Hip adductors

Question 35

What are the medial muscles of the thigh?

Answer 35

``` gracilis obturator externus adductor brevis adductor longus adductor magnus ```

Question 36

Muscles in posterior thigh

Answer 36

- Biceps femoris - Semitendinosus - Semimembranosus

Question 37

Muscles in anterior leg

Answer 37

- Tibialis anterior - Extensor digitorum longus - Extensor hallucis longus - Fibularis tertius

Question 38

Superficial muscles in posterior leg

Answer 38

* Gastrocnemius * Plantaris * Soleus

Question 39

Deep muscles in posterior leg

Answer 39

* Popliteus * Tibialis posterior * Flexor digitorum longus * Flexor hallucis longus

Question 40

Muscles in lateral leg

Answer 40

- Fiburlaris longus | - Fibularis brevis

Question 41

Where do extrinsic muscles of the foot arise from?

Answer 41

anterior, posterior and lateral compartments of the leg.

Question 42

What are the extrinsic muscles of the foot responsible for?

Answer 42

They are mainly responsible for actions such as eversion, inversion, plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of the foot.

Question 43

Where are the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

Answer 43

Within the foot

Question 44

What are the intrinsic muscles of the foot responsible for?

Answer 44

fine motor actions of the foot such as movement of individual digits

Question 45

What muscles are in the dorsal aspect of the foot?

Answer 45

extensor digitorum brevis | extensor hallucis brevis

Question 46

Which is the most medial part of the dorsal aspect of the foot?

Answer 46

extensor hallucis brevis

Question 47

Which is the most lateral muscle in the dorsal aspect of the foot?

Answer 47

extensor digitorum brevis

Question 48

How many intrinsic muscles are there in the plantar aspect of your foot?

Answer 48

10

Question 49

How many layers of plantar muscles are there?

Answer 49

4

Question 50

Is the first layer of plantar muscles superficial or deep?

Answer 50

superficial

Question 51

What muscles are in the first layer?

Answer 51

abductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis abductor digiti minimi

Question 52

What muscles are in the second layer?

Answer 52

quadratus plantae | lumbricals

Question 53

What muscles are in the third layer

Answer 53

flexor hallucis brevis adductor hallucis flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 54

What muscles are in the fourth layer?

Answer 54

plantar and dorsal interossei