Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BM1 Anatomy: Michealmas > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which root does sensory information go through?

A

Dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where do the pairs of nerves lie?

A

either side of the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many cervical nerves are there?

A

8 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many pairs of thoracic nerves are there?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many pairs of lumbar nerves are there?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many pairs of sacral nerves are there?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many pairs of coccygeal nerves are there?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What of the nervous system do the spinal nerves reside in?

A

peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do the spinal nerves leave the spinal column?

A

intervertebral foramen between adjacent vertebrae. ALL do this apart from C1 which emerges between the occipital bones and the atlas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are vertebrae separated by?

A

Intervertebral discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Functions of the vertebral column

A

protection (of spinal cord), support (weight of body), forming central axis and postures and movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Briefly describe the structure that all vertebrae share

A

anterior vertebral body and posterior vertebral arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are vertebral bodies used for?

A

Weightbearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the superior and inferior aspects of the vertebral bodies

A

Lined with hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the intervertebral disc made from?

A

fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What part of the vertebrae does the vertebral arch form?

A

lateral and posterior aspect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do the bony processes of the vertebral arch do?

A

Serve as attachment sites for muscles and ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List some bony processes of the vertebral arch?

A

Spinous processes, transverse processes, pedicles, lamina and articular processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe transverse processes

A

each vertebrae has two which extend laterally and posteriorly from the vertebral body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where do the ribs attach?

A

To the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do pedicles do?

A

Connect the vertebral body to the transverse processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the vertebral lamina do?

A

Connect the transverse and the spinal processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do articular processes do?

A

form joints between one vertebrae and its superior and inferior counterparts. The articular processes are located at the intersection of the laminae and pedicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the distinguishing processes of the cervical vertebrae?
bifid spinous process (at distal end), transverse foramina (opening in each ransverse process through which arteries travel to the brain), triangular vertebral foramen
26
Which cervical vertebrae are exceptions to the general vertebrae in terms of bifid spinous process?
C1 which has no spinous process and C7 which has a spinous process that is longer than that of C2-C6 and may not bifurcate
27
Why are the atlas and the axis different?
To allow movement of the head
28
Describe basic features of thoracic vertebrae?
- two demi facets placed superiorly and inferiorly on either side of the vertebral body (articular with heads of two different ribs) - On the transverse process there is a costal facet which articulates with the shaft of a single rib
29
Describe the spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
orientated obliquely inferiorly and posteriorly.
30
Describe the vertebral foramen of the thoracic vertebrae
Circular
31
What shape are the vertebral bodies of the lumbar vertebrae?
kidney shaped
32
Describe the lumbar vertebral bodies
lack characteristic feature of other vertebrae (no transverse foramina, costal facets or bifid spinous process)
33
Describe the shape of the lumbar vertebral foreamen
triangular
34
Describe the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae
shorter than those of thoracic and do not extend inferiorly below the level of the vertebral body
35
What are on the lateral sides of the sacrum?
facets for articulation with the pelvis at sacro-iliac joints
36
How is the coccyx recognised?
By its lack of vertebral arches and no vertebral canal
37
Which facets articulate with the vertebra above?
left and right superior
38
Which facets articulate with the vertebrae below?
left and right inferior facets
39
What type of joints are the vertebral body joints?
cartilaginous
40
Which ligaments strengthen the vertebral body joints?
the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments, which run the full length of the vertebral column
41
What is the role of the anterior longitudinal ligament?
it is thick and prevents hyperextension of the vertebral column
42
What is the role of the posterior longitudinal ligament?
weaker and prevents hyperflexion
43
What are the joints between the facets called?
facet joints
44
What ligaments strengthen the facet joints?
ligamentum flavum, interspinous and supraspinous, intertransverse
45
Where is ligamentum flavum?
between lamina of adjacent vertebrae
46
What do interspinous and supraspinous ligaments do?
join the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae. Interspinous ligaments attach between processes, supraspinous attach to the tips
47
Where do intertransverse ligaments go?
between transverse processes
48
What is C1?
Atlas
49
What is C2?
axis
50
Joint between head and C1?
atlanto-occipital
51
Why is the atlas different?
No body or spinous process
52
Briefly describe structure of the atlas
anterior and posterior arch separated by laterally extending structures called lateral masses, or transverse processes
53
What does the most anterior part of the anterior arch of the the atlas form?
anterior tubercle
54
What attached to the anterior tubercle of the atlas?
the anterior longitudinal ligament
55
What is on the posterior surface of the anterior tubercle of the atlas?
oval shaped facet for attachment of the odontoid process of the axis
56
Is the posterior of anterior arch of the atlas larger?
Posterior arch is larger
57
Which vertebrae has the largest spinous process?
C7
58
What supports the weight of the head?
Lateral masses
59
What part of the axis articulates with the atlas?
Odontoid process/dens
60
What type of joint is between the atlas and axis?
Pivot joint
61
Name of joint between atlas and axis?
atlanto-axial joint
62
What is sciatica characterised by?
Pain going down leg from lower back
63
What is sciatica caused by?
spinal disc herniation, pressing on one of the lumbar or sacral nerve roots
64
What is spinal disc herniation?
Injury to the cushioning and connective tissue between the vertebrae. Tear in the outer fibrous ring of an intervertebral disc allows soft central portion to bulge out beyond the damaged outer rings
65
Where do disc herniations most commonly occur?
posterolateral due to the presence of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the spinal canal
66
Where are normal lordoses?
Two forward curves seen in cervical and lumbar spine
67
Where is normal kyphosis seen?
two backward curves in thoracic spine and sacral spine
68
What is the ventral root of a spinal nerve?
Carries efferent/ motor information
69
How are the cervical nevres named according to their vertebrae?
They are numbered by the vertebrae below, except C8 which is below vertebrae C7 and above T1
70
How are the thoracic, luumbar and sacral nerves numbered?
By the vertebrae above
71
Where does the dorsal ramus go?
Contains nerves that serve the extensors of spine and overlying skin
72
Where does the ventral ramus go?
anterior, limbs and ventral trunk
73
What do the ventral and dorsal root join to form?
Spinal nerve
74
Which vertebrae are responsible for rotation
thoracic
75
Describe intervertebral discs§
has a central nucleus pulposus (proteoglycan and water) surrounded by a ring of collagen bundles, the annulus fibrosus
76
What feature of joints in the thoracic spine allow rotation
facets of thoracic vertebrae and curved in the horizontal plane
77
What rami supply the flexors of the spine?
anterior primary rami of spinal nerves
78
What rami supply the extensors of the spine?
posterior primary rami
79
Where do principle components of the spine develop from? (bones ligaments and muscles)
the mesoderm of the somites
80
Where do the vertebrae of the spine develop from?
the sclerotomes of the muscles from the myotomes of the somites
81
Spinal nerves for diaphragm
C345
82
What are lumbar punctures used for?
obtaining a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for analysis (to reveal infection, haemorrhage, tumour cells, etc).
83
How are lumbar punctures done?
Needle between L4 and L5
84
What type of joint is the intervetebral disc
secondary cartilaginous joint

BM1 Anatomy: Michealmas (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions