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Occlusion Lecture > Muscles of Mastication > Flashcards

Muscles of Mastication Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an articulator?

A

A mechanical device that simulates mandibular movements of condyles in their fossae

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2
Q

What are the parts of functional anatomy?

A
  • dentition and supportive structures
  • skeletal components
  • temporomandiular joints (TMJ)
  • ligaments
  • muscles
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3
Q

What are the parts of the skeleton (face)?

A

maxilla
mandible
temporal bone
(ID??)

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4
Q

What are the features of the maxilla? (and where fused)

A
  • 2 maxillary bones
    –fused at Mid-palatal Suture
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5
Q

What is the superior border of the maxilla?

A

floor of the nasal cavity and orbit

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6
Q

What is the inferior border of the maxilla?

A

palate and alveolar ridge

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7
Q

What are the components fo the maxilla?

A
  • body
  • processes (zygomatic, frontal, alveolar, palatine)
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8
Q

What is the largest and strongest bone on the skull?

A

mandible

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9
Q

Borders of Mandible–

–Superior Aspect of mandible:
–Body-Posterior Aspect:
–Ascending Ramus:

A

–Superior Aspect: Alveolar Crest and Teeth
–Body-Posterior Aspect: Mandibular Angle
–Ascending Ramus: 1) Coronoid Process 2) Condyle

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10
Q

Name 4 processes of maxilla

A

(zygomatic, frontal, alveolar, palatine)

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11
Q

What are the components of the mandible?

A

body
ramus

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12
Q

Where does the condyle of the mandible articulate?

A

the cranium
(has medial and lateral poles)

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13
Q

What is the anterior-posterior width of the mandible condyle?
What is the mediolateral length of the condyle?

A

–8-10 mm
–15-20 mm

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14
Q

Aspects of Temporal Bone:

A

–squamous portion of the temporal bone articulate with mandibular condyle
–articular or glenoid fossa
–Articular eminence

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15
Q

What bone is the articular/glenoid fossa on?

A

temporal bone

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16
Q

What does the squamous portion of the temporal bone articulate with?

A

mandibular condyle

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17
Q

What is the articular eminence? What bone is it on?

A

thick dense bone to tolerate heavy forces

(aspect of temporal bone)

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18
Q

What are the four main muscles of mastication?

A

lateral pterygoids
medial pterygoid
masseter
temporalis

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19
Q

Name the heads of the Masseter and the direction their fibers run

A

1) superficial (fibers run down and back)
2) deep (fibers run vertical)
reflects movement helps m achieve

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20
Q

What is the origin of the masseter?

A

zygomatic arch

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21
Q

What are the insertions of the masseter?

A

1) lateral surface of ramus
2) angle of the mandible

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22
Q
  • elevates the mandible
  • provides the force for chewing (powerful muscle)

(elevates jaw and clenches teeth)

A

masseter

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23
Q

aids in protrusion (runs downwards and backward)

A

superficial head of the masseter

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24
Q

stabilizes the condyle against the eminence (runs in a vertical direction)

A

deep head of masseter

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25
What is the blood supply to the masseter?
(muscular branch of) the Maxillary Artery
26
What is the nerve supply to the masseter?
Masseteric Nerve (of mandibular division of Trigeminal Nerve)
27
What are the three distinct divisions of the temporalis?
anterior (vertical fibers) middle (oblique across lateral aspect of the skull) posterior (horizontal fibers come forward above the ear to join other temp fibers)
28
What is the origin for the temporalis?
temporal fossa and lateral surface of the skull
29
What is the insertion of the temporalis?
1) coronoid process 2) anterior border of ascending ramus
30
What is the action of the anterior temporalis? *think about angle of fibers*
raises mandible vertically
31
Which section of the temporalis elevates and retrudes the mandible?
middle temporalis
32
# Portion of Temporalis: aids in retrusion of the mandible
posterior temporalis
33
What is the blood supply of temporalis?
(a muscular branch of) the Maxillary Artery
34
What is the nerve supply of temporalis?
Deep Temporal Nerve of the mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve
35
How many heads does the lateral (external) pterygoid have? Name them.
2 heads - Superior lateral pterygoid (smallest of 2 bellies) - Inferior lateral pterygoid
36
What is the origin of the inferior lateral pterygoid?
outer surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
37
What is the insertion of the inferior lateral pterygoid
neck of condyle
38
What are the actions of the inferior lateral pterygoid?
Depression & Protrusion bilateral contraction (mandible is protruded) --causes condyles to be pulled down articular eminence as mandible is protruded unilateral contraction (mediotrusive movement) --movement (down, forward, and medially) (extends: backward, upward, and outward)
39
What is the superior lateral pterygoid origin?
infratemporal surface of the greater sphenoid wing
40
What is the superior lateral pterygoid insertion?
1) disc capsule 2) neck of the condyle
41
______ contraction of the inferior lateral pterygoid causes condyles to be pulled down articular eminence as mandible is protruded
bilateral
42
What is the action of the superior lateral pterygoid?
active ONLY with elevator muscles (closure of the mandible) - power stroke (this muscle is active during mandibular closure against resistance--chewing or clenching_ --(inactive during mandibular opening) | ELEVATE MANDIBLE
43
What is the blood supply for the lateral pterygoid?
muscular branch of the Maxillary Artery
44
What is the nerve supply for the lateral pterygoid?
branch of the Masseteric or Buccal Nerve of the mandibular division of the Trigeminal Nerve
45
This muscle is active ONLY with the elevator muscles and permits closure of the mandible
Superior Lateral Pterygoind
46
- power stroke (this muscle is active during mandibular closure against resistance--chewing or clenching_
superior lateral pterygoid
47
What is the origin of the medial (internal) pterygoid?
Pterygoid Fossa
48
What is the insertion of the medial (internal) pterygoid?
Medial Surface of the Mandibular Angle
49
What is the function of the medial (internal) pterygoid?
1. elevates the mandible 2. protrudes the mandible 3. unilateral contraction (results in Mediotrustion--moving toward midline)
50
What is the blood supply to the medial (internal) pterygoid?
muscular branch of the mandibular artery
51
What is the nerve supply of the medial (internal) pterygoid?
motor branch of the mandibular division of the Trigeminal Nerve, which reaches the posterior border of the muscle near the base of the skull
52
What are the two parts of the masseter sling?
1) Masseter 2) Medial Pterygoid
53
What are the suprahyoid muscles? (4)
geniohyoid mylohyoid digastric stylohyoid
54
- elevate hyoid bone - depress the mandible when hyoid bone is *fixed
suprahyoid muscles
55
What is the origin of the geniohyoid?
inferior Genal Tubercle on mandibular symphysis
56
What is the insertion of the geniohyoid?
anterior surface of body of hyoid bone
57
What is the origin for the mylohyoid?
line from last molar to mandibular symphysis
58
What is the insertion of the mylohyoid?
median raphe from chin to hyoid bone
59
What are the two bellies of the digastric muscle?
anterior posterior (longer)
60
What are the two origins of the digastric muscle: Anterior-- Posterior--
- posterior belly arises from the mastoid process - anterior belly arises from a depression on the inner side of the lower border of the mandible, close to the symphysis
61
What is the insertion of the digastric muscle?
hyoid bone
62
What muscles depress the mandible via contraction?
- inferior lateral pterygoids - digastric
63
What muscles depress the mandible via relaxation?
- masseters - medial pterygoids - temporalis
64
What muscles elevate the mandible via contraction?
- masseters - medial pterygoid - temporalis - superior lateral pterygoid
65
What muscle elevates the mandible via relaxation?
- inferior lateral pterygoid - digastric
66
What muscle provide right lateral movement via contraction?
- left inferior lateral pterygoid
67
What muscles provide right lateral movement via relaxation?
- right inferior lateral pterygoid - slight relaxation of elevators
68
What muscle provides left lateral movement via contraction?
- right inferior lateral pterygoid
69
What muscles provide left lateral movement via relaxation?
- left inferior lateral pterygoid - slight relaxation of elevators
70
What muscles allow for protrusion via contraction?
- inferior lateral pterygoids (mostly) - assisted by masseters and medial pterygoids
71
this muscle extends: backward, upward, and outward
Inferior Lateral Pterygoid (bilaterally)
72
unilateral contraction of this muscle results in Mediotrustion--moving toward midline
Medial (internal) pterygoid
73
What muscle allows for retrusion via contraction?
temporalis
74
What is the mediolateral length of the condyle of mandible?
15-20 mm
75
- depress the mandible when hyoid bone is *fixed
Suprahyoid

Occlusion Lecture (20 decks)

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