muscles of the abdomen

Question 1

The superficial fascia of the abdomen can be divided into 2. Name the 2 fascias

Answer 1

Camper’s fascia (fat) + Scarpa’s fascia (membranous, deeper layer)

Question 2

Most superficial one of the obliques

Answer 2

External obliques

Question 3

The external obliques have a … orientation

Answer 3

Inferomedial

Question 4

From where to where does the inguinal ligament run?

Answer 4

Anterosuperior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

Question 5

Ligament that’s an “expansion” of the inguinal lig. and connects it with the pectineal crest + pubis

Answer 5

Lacunar ligament

Question 6

The internal oblique has a … orientation

Answer 6

Inferolateral

Question 7

The uppermost fibres of the internal oblique are in contact with…

Answer 7

The costal cartilage

Question 8

Line that runs in the middle of the abdomen (and into which the muscles insert)

Answer 8

Linea alba

Question 9

Muscle that’s deep to the internal oblique + whose fibres have a horizontal orientation

Answer 9

Transversus abdominis

Question 10

Fascia that covers the deep surface of the tranversus abdominus

Answer 10

Transversalis fascia

Question 11

Muscle that runs from the ribs to the pubic symphysis + is interrupted by 3 or 4 tendinous intersections

Answer 11

Rectus abdominis

Question 12

Small muscle that’s found in the inferior part of the abdomen + runs from the pubis to the linea alba

Answer 12

Pyramidalis

Question 13

Aponeurotic sheath/layer that covers the rectus abdominis + pyramidalis

Answer 13

Rectus sheath

Question 14

Describe the way the aponeuroses + transversalis fascia of the rectus sheath are organized in the upper 3/4 of the abdomen (above the arcuate line)

Answer 14

Anterior part of sheath: external oblique + half of internal oblique
Posterior part: other half of internal oblique, transversus abdominis + transversalia fascia

Question 15

Describe the way the aponeuroses + transversalis fascia of the rectus sheath are organized in the lower 1/4 of the abdomen (beneath the arcuate line)

Answer 15

Anterior part: all the aponeuroses (ext., int., transversalis)
Posterior part: transversalis fascia

Question 16

Nerves that innervate the muscles of the abdomen

Answer 16

T7-L1, run between the transversus abdominis + the internal oblique

Question 17

Name the dermatomes T6, T10 + L1

Answer 17

T6 - xiphoid
T10 - umbilicus
L1 - groin-pubis

Question 18

Superifical vessels irrigating the abdomen in the superior part

Answer 18

Musculophrenic arteries + veins

Question 19

Deep vessels irrigating the superior part of the abdomen

Answer 19

Superior epigastric, intercostal (11 + 12), subcostal

Question 20

Superifical vessels irrigating the abdomen in the inferior part

Answer 20

Superficial circumflex iliac arteries + veins

Superficial epigastric

Question 21

Deep vessels irrigating the inferior part of the abdomen

Answer 21

Inferior epigastric, deep circumflex iliac arteries + veins

Question 22

The deep inguinal ring originates … to the inferior … vessels

Answer 22

Lateral, epigastric

Question 23

Structure that forms the deep inguinal ring (entry to the canal) by evaginating

Answer 23

Transversalis Fascia

Question 24

The transversalis fascia gives rise to the … fascia

Answer 24

Internal spermatic

Question 25

Structure that gives rise to the superficial inguinal ring by evaginating

Answer 25

Aponeurosis of the external oblique

Question 26

Where is the superficial inguinal ring located?

Answer 26

In the pubic tubercle + medial end of the inguinal lig.

Question 27

The medial crus of the superficial inguinal ring arises from ... + inserts into ...

Answer 27

Aponeurosis of external oblique, into pubic symphysis + pubic crest

Question 28

The lateral crus of the superficial inguinal ring arises from ... + inserts into ...

Answer 28

Aponeurosis of external oblique, into pubic tubercle

Question 29

Mneumonic for the parts of the inguinal canal + the meaning

Answer 29

``` MALT Muscles Aponeuroses Ligaments Tranversalis fascia ```

Question 30

Muscles that make up the roof of the inguinal canal

Answer 30

Transversus abdominis + internal oblique

Question 31

The anterior part of the inguinal canal is made up of ...

Answer 31

The aponeurosis of the external oblique + (closer to the midline) the fibres of the internal oblique + the cremaster (muscle + fascia)

Question 32

Ligaments that make up the floor of the inguinal canal

Answer 32

Inguinal + lacunar

Question 33

Structure that makes up the post. part of the inguinal canal

Answer 33

Transversalis fascia (towards the middle also the conjoint tendon)

Question 34

Aponeuroses that make up the conjoint tendon/inguinal falx

Answer 34

Aponeuroses of internal oblique + transversus abdominis

Question 35

Content of the inguinal canal

Answer 35

1. spermatic cord (men) or round ligament of the uterus (women) 2. genital nerve of the genitofemoral nerve 3. ilioinguinal nerve (only passes through a portion of the canal + exits through the superficial inguinal ring)

Question 36

The superficial inguinal ring becomes continuous with ...

Answer 36

The external spermatic fascia