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Year 2 - Anatomy > Muscles of the APP > Flashcards

Muscles of the APP Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin of the erector spinae muscles?

A

Sacrum and iliac crest

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2
Q

What is the insertion of the erector spinae muscles?

A

Thoracic vertebrae and back vertebrae

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3
Q

What are the functions of the erector spinae muscles? (2)

A
  • straighten back
  • allow for side to side rotation
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4
Q

What is the innervation of the erector spinae muscles?

A

Posterior rami from C1-L5

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5
Q

What is the origin of quadratus lumborum?

A
  • 12th rib
  • transverse processes of L1-L3 vertebrae
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6
Q

What is the insertion of quadratus lumborum?

A

Iliac crest

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7
Q

What is the function of quadratus lumborum?

A

Fixes 12th rib during inspiration
Lateral flexion of the spine

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8
Q

What is the innervation of quadratus lumborum?

A
  • subcostal nerve (T12)
  • anterior rami of L1-L4
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9
Q

What is the origin of psoas major?

A

Transverse processes, vertebral bodies, intervertebral disc of T12-L5

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10
Q

What is the insertion of psoas major?

A

Lesser trochanter of femur

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11
Q

What is the function of psoas major?

A

Flexion of hip

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12
Q

What is the innervation of psoas major?

A

Lumbar plexus - Anterior rami of L1-L3

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13
Q

What is the origin of iliacus?

A

Iliac fossa

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14
Q

What is the insertion of iliacus?

A

Lesser trochanter of femur

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15
Q

What is the action of iliacus?

A

Flexion of hip joint

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16
Q

What is the innervation of iliacus?

A

Femoral nerve

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17
Q

What is the origin of external oblique?

A

External surface of ribs 5-12

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18
Q

What is the insertion of external oblique?

A
  • linea alba
  • pubic tubercle
  • anterior half of iliac crest
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19
Q

What is the function of external oblique?

A
  • support and compress abdominal viscera
  • flexes and rotates trunk
20
Q

What is the innervation of external oblique?

A
  • thoracoabdominal nerves (T5-T11 spinal nerves)
  • subcostal nerve (anterior ramus of T12)
21
Q

What is the origin of internal oblique?

A
  • thoracolumbar fascia
  • anterior 2/3 of iliac crest
  • connective tissue deep to lateral third of inguinal ligament
22
Q

What is the insertion of internal oblique?

A

Inferior border of ribs 10-12, linea alba and pecten pubis via conjoint tendon

23
Q

What is the function of internal oblique?

A
  • support and compresses abdominal viscera
  • flexes and rotates trunk
24
Q

What is the innervation of internal oblique?

A
  • thoracoabdominal nerves (anterior rami of T6-T12)
  • 1st lumbar nerve
25
Q

What is the origin of transversus abdominis?

A
  • 7-12th costal cartilages
  • thoracolumbar fascia
  • iliac crest
  • connective tissue deep to lateral third of inguinal ligament
26
Q

What is the insertion of transversus abdominis?

A
  • linea alba with internal oblique
  • pubic crest via conjoint tendon
27
Q

What is the function of transversus abdominis?

A

Support and compresses viscera

28
Q

What is the innervation of transversus abdominis?

A
  • thoracoabdominal nerves (anterior rami of T6-T12)
  • first lumbar nerve
29
Q

What is the origin of rectus abdominis?

A

Pubic symphysis and pubic crest

30
Q

What is the insertion of rectus abdominis?

A

Xiphoid process and 5-7th costal cartilage

31
Q

What is the function of rectus abdominis?

A
  • flexes trunk
  • compresses abdominal viscera
  • stabilises and controls tilt of pelvis
32
Q

What is the innervation of rectus abdominis?

A

Thoracoabdominal nerves (anterior rami of T6-T12)

33
Q

What is the origin of coccygeus?

A

Ischial spine

34
Q

What is the insertion of coccygeus?

A

Tip of coccyx

35
Q

What is the function of coccygeus?

A

Pulls coccyx anteriorly after defecation, helps bear body weight by sitting

36
Q

What is the innervation of coccygeus?

A

S4 & S5

37
Q

What is the origin of levator ani (puborectalis, pubococcygeus, ileococcygeus)?

A

Body of pubic bones to ischial spines

38
Q

What is the insertion of levator ani (puborectalis, pubococcygeus, ileococcygeus)?

A

Tendinous arch of levator ani

39
Q

What are the functions of levator ani (puborectalis, pubococcygeus, ileococcygeus)?

A
  • puborectalis - urinary and faecal continence during expiration, sneezing
  • pubococcygeus - controls urine flow, contracts in orgasm, assists in male ejaculation
  • ileococcygeus - elevates pelvic floor
40
Q

What is the innervation of levator ani (puborectalis, pubococcygeus, ileococcygeus)?

A

Pudendal nerve

41
Q

What is the origin of obturator internus?

A

Obturator foramen (through lesser sciatic foramen)

42
Q

What is the insertion of obturator internus?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

43
Q

What is the function of obturator internus?

A

Lateral pelvic rotation, abduction of thigh at hip

44
Q

What is the innervation of obturator internus?

A

Obturator internus L5-S1

45
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?
(External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis)

A

Superior epigastric arteries (from internal thoracic arteries) + inferior epigastric arteries (from external iliac artery) - anastomose together, and accompanied by veins of the same name

46
Q

What is the blood supply to the posterolateral abdominal wall muscles?
(Psoas major, psoas minor, iliacus, quadratus lumborum)

A

Directly from the abdominal aorta and drainage via the IVC

47
Q

What is the blood and nerve supply to the perineum?

A

Internal pudendal artery/vein
Pudendal nerve

Year 2 - Anatomy (7 decks)

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