Muscles of the Upper Limb Flashcards
(158 cards)
1
Q
What is the origin of the pectoralis major?
A
Medial half of clavicle and anterior surface of sternum, first seven costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique
2
Q
What is the insertion of the pectoralis major?
A
Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
3
Q
What is the action of the pectoralis major?
A
Adduction, medial rotation and flexion of the humerus at the shoulder joint
4
Q
What is the innervation of the pectoralis major?
A
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
5
Q
What is the origin of the pectoralis minor?
A
Anterior surfaces of the third, fourth and fifth ribs, and deep fascia overlying the related intercostal spaces
6
Q
What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?
A
Coracoid process of scapula
7
Q
What is the action of the pectoralis minor?
A
Depresses tip of shoulder, protracts scapula
8
Q
What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?
A
Medial pectoral nerves
9
Q
What is the origin of the subclavius?
A
Rib I at junction between rib and costal cartilage
10
Q
What is the insertion of the subclavius?
A
Groove on inferior surface of middle third clavicle
11
Q
What is the action of the subclavius?
A
Pulls clavicle medially to stabilise sternoclavicular joint; depresses tip of shoulder
12
Q
What is the innervation of the subclavius?
A
Nerve to subclavius
13
Q
What is the origin of the serratus anterior?
A
Anterior portions of first 8 ribs
14
Q
What is the insertion of the serratus anterior?
A
Internal surface of medial border of scapula
15
Q
What is the action of the serratus anterior?
A
Holds scapula against ribcage to prevent ‘winging’ of the inferior angle of the scapula
16
Q
What is the innervation of the serratus anterior?
A
Long thoracic nerve
17
Q
What is the origin of the trapezius muscle?
A
Skull, ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes of C7-T12
18
Q
What is the insertion of the trapezius muscle?
A
Clavicle, acromion and the spine of the scapula
19
Q
What is the action of the trapezius muscle?
A
Elevation, rotation, retraction and depression of the scapula
20
Q
What is the innervation of the trapezius muscle?
A
Accessory nerve
21
Q
What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?
A
Spinous processes of T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and the inferior three ribs
22
Q
What is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?
A
Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
23
Q
What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?
A
Extension, adduction and medial rotation of the upper limb
24
Q
What is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi?
A
Thoracodorsal nerve
25
What is the origin of the levator scapulae?
Transverse processes of the C1-C4 vertebrae
26
What is the insertion of the levator scapulae?
Medial border of the scapula
27
What is the action of the levator scapulae?
Elevation of the scapula
28
What is the innervation of the levator scapulae?
Dorsal scapular nerve
29
What is the origin of the rhomboid major?
Spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae
30
What is the insertion of the rhomboid major?
Medial border of the scapula, between the scapula spine and inferior angle
31
What is the action of the rhomboid major?
Retracts and rotates the scapula
32
What is the innervation of the rhomboid major?
Dorsal scapular nerve
33
What is the origin of the rhomboid minor?
Spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae
34
What is the insertion of the rhomboid minor?
Medial border of the scapula, at the level of the spine of scapula
35
What is the action of the rhomboid minor?
Retracts and rotates the scapula
36
What is the innervation of the rhomboid minor?
Dorsal scapular nerve
37
What is the origin of deltoid?
Lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
38
What is the insertion of deltoid?
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
39
What is the action of deltoid?
- clavicular (anterior) part: flexes and medially rotates arm
- acromial (middle) part: abducts arm
- spinal (posterior) part: extends and laterally rotates arm
40
What is the innervation of deltoid?
Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
41
What is the origin of supraspinatus?
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
42
What is the insertion of supraspinatus?
(Superior facet of) greater tubercle of humerus
43
What is the action of supraspinatus?
Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles
44
What is the innervation of supraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)
45
What is the origin of infraspinatus?
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
46
What is the insertion of infraspinatus?
(Middle facet of) greater tubercle of humerus
47
What is the action of infraspinatus?
Laterally rotates arm, and acts with rotator cuff muscles
48
What is the innervation of infraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
49
What is the origin of teres minor?
Middle part of lateral border of scapula
50
What is the insertion of teres minor?
Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
51
What is the action of teres minor?
Laterally rotates arm, and acts with rotator cuff muscles
52
What is the innervation of teres minor?
Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
53
What is the origin of teres major?
Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
54
What is the insertion of teres major?
Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
55
What is the action of teres major?
Adducts and medially rotates arm
56
What is the innervation of teres major?
Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
57
What is the origin of subscapularis?
Subscapular fossa (most of the anterior space of scapula)
58
What is the insertion of subscapularis?
Lesser tubercle of humerus
59
What is the action of subscapularis?
Medially rotates arm, as part of rotator cuff - helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
60
What is the innervation of subscapularis?
Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)
61
What is the origin of biceps brachii?
- Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula
- Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
62
What is the insertion of biceps brachii?
Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
63
What is the action of biceps brachii?
- Supinates forearm and, when supine, flexes forearm
- Short head resists dislocation of shoulder
64
What is the innervation of biceps brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
65
What is the origin of coracobrachialis?
Tip of coracoid process of scapula
66
What is the insertion of coracobrachialis?
Middle third of medial surface of humerus
67
What is the action of coracobrachialis?
Helps flex and adduct arm, resists dislocation of shoulder
68
What is the innervation of coracobrachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
69
What is the origin of brachialis?
Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
70
What is the insertion of brachialis?
Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
71
What is the function of brachialis?
Flexes forearm in all positions
72
What is the innervation of brachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7) and radial nerve (C5, C7)
73
What is the origin of triceps brachii?
- Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
- Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
- Medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
74
What is the insertion of triceps brachii?
Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
75
What is the action of triceps brachii?
- Chief extensor of forearm
- Long head resists dislocation of humerus, especially important during adduction
76
What is the innervation of triceps brachii?
Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)
77
What is the origin of anconeus?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
78
What is the insertion of anconeus?
Lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna
79
What is the action of anconeus?
Assists triceps in extending forearm, stabilises elbow joint, may abduct ulna during pronation
80
What is the innervation of anconeus?
Radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)
81
What muscles are involved in supination?
Supinator, biceps brachii
82
What muscles are involved in pronation?
Pronator quadratus, pronator teres
83
What is the nerve supply to supinator?
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
84
What is the nerve supply to biceps brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7)
85
What is the nerve supply to pronator quadratus?
Median nerve (C8, T1)
86
What is the nerve supply to pronator teres?
Median nerve (C6, C7)
87
What is the origin of pronator teres?
Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
88
What is the insertion of pronator teres?
Lateral radius
89
What is the action of pronator teres?
Pronates and flexes forearm
90
What is the innervation of pronator teres?
Median nerve (C6-7)
91
What is the origin of flexor carpi radialis?
Medial epicondyle of humerus
92
What is the insertion of flexor carpi radialis?
Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
93
What is the action of flexor carpi radialis?
Flexes and abducts wrist
94
What is the innervation of flexor carpi radialis?
Median nerve (C6-7)
95
What is the origin of palmaris longus?
Medial epicondyle of humerus
96
What is the insertion of palmaris longus?
Palmar aponeurosis
97
What is the action of palmaris longus?
Tenses palmar aponeurosis, flexes wrist
98
What is the innervation of palmaris longus?
Median nerve (C7-8)
99
What is the origin of flexor carpi ulnaris?
Medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon
100
What is the insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris?
Pisiform, hook of hamate, and 5th metacarpal
101
What is the action of flexor carpi ulnaris?
Flexes and adducts wrist
102
What is the innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar nerve (C7-8)
103
What is the origin of flexor digitorum superficialis?
Medial epicondyle
104
What is the insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis?
Middle phalanges of medial four digits
105
What is the action of flexor digitorum superficialis?
Flexes middle phalanges at PIPs (and MCPs) of middle four digits
106
What is the innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis?
Median nerve (C7, C8, T1)
107
What is the origin of flexor digitorum profundus?
Proximal 3/4 of ulna and interosseous membrane
108
What is the insertion of flexor digitorum profundus?
Distal phalanges of fingers 2-5
109
What is the action of flexor digitorum profundus?
Flexes distal joints DIPs of fingers 2-5
110
What is the innervation of flexor digitorum profundus?
Median and ulnar nerves (C8, T1)
111
What is the origin of flexor pollicis longus?
Anterior radius and interosseus membrane
112
What is the insertion of flexor pollicis longus?
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
113
What is the action of flexor pollicis longus?
Flexes thumb
114
What is the innervation of flexor pollicis longus?
Anterior interosseus nerve from median nerve (C8, T1)
115
What is the origin of pronator quadratus?
Distal 1/4 of ulna
116
What is the insertion of pronator quadratus?
Distal 1/4 of radius
117
What is the action of pronator quadratus?
Pronates forearm
118
What is the innervation of pronator quadratus?
Anterior interosseus nerve from median nerve (C8, T1)
119
What is the origin of brachioradialis?
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
120
What is the insertion of brachioradialis?
Lateral surface of radius at the styloid process
121
What is the action of brachioradialis?
Flexes arm at elbow
122
What is the innervation of brachioradialis?
Radial nerve (C5-7)
123
What is the origin of extensor carpi radialis longus?
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
124
What is the insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus?
Base of 2nd metacarpal
125
What is the action of extensor carpi radialis longus?
Extends and abducts wrist
126
What is the innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus?
Radial nerve (C6-7)
127
What is the origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
128
What is the insertion of extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Base of 3rd metacarpal
129
What is the action of extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Extends and abducts wrist
130
What is the innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7-8)
131
What is the origin of extensor digitorum?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
132
What is the insertion of extensor digitorum?
Extensor expansion of fingers 2-5
133
What is the action of extensor digitorum?
Extends fingers
134
What is the innervation of extensor digitorum?
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7-8)
135
What is the origin of extensor carpi ulnaris?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
136
What is the insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris?
Base of 5th metacarpal
137
What is the action of extensor carpi ulnaris?
Extends and adducts wrist
138
What is the innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris?
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7-8)
139
What is the origin of supinator?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator crest of ulna
140
What is the insertion of supinator?
Proximal end of radius
141
What is the action of supinator?
Supinates forearm
142
What is the innervation of supinator?
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7-8)
143
What is the origin of extensor indicis?
Posterior surface of ulna and interosseus membrane
144
What is the insertion of extensor indicis?
Extensor expansion of index finger
145
What is the action of extensor indicis?
Extends index finger
146
What is the innervation of extensor indicis?
Posterior interosseus nerve from deep branch of radial nerve (C7-8)
147
What is the origin of abductor pollicis longus?
Posterior surface of radius and ulna and interosseus membrane
148
What is the insertion of abductor pollicis longus?
Base of first metacarpal
149
What is the action of abductor pollicis longus?
Abducts and extends thumb
150
What is the innervation of abductor pollicis longus?
Posterior interosseus nerve (C7-8)
151
What is the origin of extensor pollicis longus?
Posterior surface of ulna and interosseus membrane
152
What is the insertion of extensor pollicis longus?
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
153
What is the action of extensor pollicis longus?
Extends thumb
154
What is the innervation of extensor pollicis longus?
Posterior interosseus nerve (C7-8)
155
What is the origin of extensor pollicis brevis?
Posterior surface of radius and interosseus membrane
156
What is the insertion of extensor pollicis brevis?
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
157
What is the action of extensor pollicis brevis?
Extends thumb
158
What is the innervation of extensor pollicis brevis?
Posterior interosseus nerve (C7-8)
