Muscles of the Lower Limb Flashcards
(132 cards)
1
Q
What is the origin of gluteus maximus?
A
Posterior gluteal surface of ilium, sacrum and coccyx
2
Q
What is the insertion of gluteus maximus?
A
Iliotibial tract (–> lateral condyle of tibia) and gluteal tuberosity on posterior femur
3
Q
What is the action of gluteus maximus?
A
Extension of hip joint and lateral rotation
4
Q
What is the innervation of gluteus maximus?
A
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
5
Q
What is the origin of gluteus medius?
A
Gluteal surface of ilium
6
Q
What is the insertion of gluteus medius?
A
Lateral surface of greater trochanter
7
Q
What is the action of gluteus medius?
A
- extension of hip joint
- abduction and medial rotation
8
Q
What is the innervation of gluteus medius?
A
Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)
9
Q
What is the origin of gluteus minimus?
A
Ilium
10
Q
What is the insertion of gluteus minimus?
A
Anterior surface of the greater trochanter
11
Q
What is the action of gluteus minimus?
A
- extension of hip joint
- abduction and medial rotation
12
Q
What is the innervation of gluteus minimus?
A
Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)
13
Q
What is the origin of tensor fasciae latae?
A
ASIS
14
Q
What is the insertion of tensor fasciae latae?
A
Iliotibial tract which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia
15
Q
What is the action of tensor fasciae latae?
A
Assists gluteus medius and minimus in function
- extension of hip
- abduction and medial rotation
16
Q
What is the innervation of tensor fasciae latae?
A
Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)
17
Q
What is the origin of pectineus?
A
Superior ramus of pubis
18
Q
What is the insertion of pectineus?
A
Pectineal line, inferior to lesser trochanter
19
Q
What is the action of pectineus?
A
Adduction and flexion at hip joint
20
Q
What is the innervation of pectineus?
A
Femoral nerve (L2-3), may receive a branch from obturator nerve
21
Q
What is the origin of iliopsoas (psoas major, psoas minor, iliacus)?
A
- psoas major - lumbar vertebrae (T12-L5)
- psoas minor - lumbar vertebrae (T12-L1)
- iliacus - iliac fossa
22
Q
What is the insertion of iliopsoas (psoas major, psoas minor, iliacus)?
A
Lesser trochanter of femur
23
Q
What is the action of iliopsoas (psoas major, psoas minor, iliacus)?
A
Flexion at hip joint
24
Q
What is the innervation of iliopsoas (psoas major, psoas minor, iliacus)?
A
- psoas major - anterior rami of lumbar vertebrae (L1-3)
- psoas minor - anterior rami of lumbar vertebrae (L1-2)
- iliacus - femoral nerve (L2-3)
25
What is the origin of sartorius?
ASIS
26
What is the insertion of sartorius?
Medial surface of the tibia
27
What is the action of sartorius?
- flexion, abduction and lateral rotation at hip joint
- flexes leg at knee joint
- (sitting cross-legged muscle)
28
What is the innervation of sartorius?
Femoral nerve (L2-3)
29
What is the origin of adductor longus?
Pubis
30
What is the insertion of adductor longus?
Linea aspera of femur
31
What is the action of adductor longus?
Adduction of thigh
32
What is the innervation of adductor longus?
Obturator nerve (L2-4)
33
What is the origin of adductor brevis?
Pubis and inferior pubic rami
34
What is the insertion of adductor brevis?
Linea aspera of posterior surface of femur
35
What is the action of adductor brevis?
Adduction of thigh
36
What is the innervation of adductor brevis?
Obturator nerve (L2-4)
37
What is the origin of adductor magnus?
- adductor - inferior rami of pubis and ischium
- hamstring - ischial tuberosity
38
What is the insertion of adductor magnus?
- adductor - linea aspera of femur
- hamstring - adductor tubercle of femur
39
What is the action of adductor magnus?
- adduction of thigh
- adductor part flexes thigh
- hamstring part extends thigh
40
What is the innervation of adductor magnus?
- adductor - obturator nerve (L2-4)
- hamstring - tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)
41
What is the origin of gracilis?
Body and inferior rami of pubis
42
What is the insertion of gracilis?
Medial surface of tibia
43
What is the action of gracilis?
- adduction of thigh at hip
- flexion of leg at knee
- helps medially rotate leg
44
What is the innervation of gracilis?
Obturator nerve (L2-3)
45
What is the origin of obturator externus?
Membrane of obturator foramen
46
What is the insertion of obturator externus?
Posterior surface of greater trochanter
47
What is the action of obturator externus?
Adduction and lateral rotation of high
(Steadies HoF in acetabulum)
48
What is the innervation of obturator externus?
Obturator nerve (L3-4)
49
What is the origin of piriformis?
Anterior surface of sacrum
50
What is the insertion of piriformis?
Greater trochanter of femur
51
What is the action of piriformis?
Lateral rotation of hip and abduction of femur
52
What is the innervation of piriformis?
Anterior rami of S1 & S2
53
What is the origin of obturator internus?
Obturator foramen
54
What is the insertion of obturator internus?
Greater trochanter of femur
55
What is the action of obturator internus?
Lateral rotation of hip and abduction of femur
56
What is the innervation of obturator internus?
Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)
57
What is the origin of superior and inferior gemelli?
- superior - ischial spine
- inferior - ischial tuberosity
58
What is the insertion of superior and inferior gemelli?
Greater trochanter
59
What is the action of superior and inferior gemelli?
Lateral rotation of hip and abduction of femur
60
What is the innervation of superior and inferior gemelli?
- superior - nerve to obturator internus
- inferior - nerve to quadratus femoris
61
What is the origin of quadratus femoris?
Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
62
What is the insertion of quadratus femoris?
Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest
63
What is the action of quadratus femoris?
Lateral rotation of hip
64
What is the innervation of quadratus femoris?
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)
65
What is the origin of quadriceps femoris?
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius
- rectus femoris - AIIS
- vastus lateralis - greater trochanter
- vastus medialis - intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera
- vastus intermedius - anterior and lateral surface of femoral shaft
66
What is the insertion of quadriceps femoris?
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius
Quadriceps tendon --> patella
67
What is the action of quadriceps femoris?
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius
- flexion at hip
- extension at knee
68
What is the innervation of quadriceps femoris?
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius
Femoral nerve (L2-4)
69
What is the origin of semitendinosus?
Ischial tuberosity
70
What is the insertion of semitendinosus?
Medial surface of tibia
71
What is the action of semitendinosus?
- flexion at knee joint
- extension at hip/thigh joint
- medially rotate thigh at hip and knee
72
What is the innervation of semitendinosus?
Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
73
What is the origin of semimembranosus?
Ischial tuberosity
74
What is the insertion of semimembranosus?
Medial tibial condyle
75
What is the action of semimembranosus?
- flexion at knee joint
- extension at hip/thigh joint
76
What is the innervation of semimembranosus?
Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
77
What is the origin of biceps femoris?
- long head - ischial tuberosity
- short head - linea aspera of femur
78
What is the insertion of biceps femoris?
Head of fibula
79
What is the action of biceps femoris?
- flexion at knee joint
- extension at hip/thigh joint
- laterally rotate hip and knee
80
What is the innervation of biceps femoris?
- long head - tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
- short head - common fibular part of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
81
What is the origin of tibialis anterior?
Lateral surface of tibia
82
What is the insertion of tibialis anterior?
Medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
83
What is the action of tibialis anterior?
Dorsiflexion of ankle and inversion of foot
84
What is the innervation of tibialis anterior?
Deep fibular nerve (L4-5)
85
What is the origin of extensor digitorum longus?
Lateral condyle of tibia and medial surface of fibula
86
What is the insertion of extensor digitorum longus?
Middle and distal phalanges of lateral four toes
87
What is the action of extensor digitorum longus?
- extends lateral four digits
- dorsiflexes ankle
88
What is the innervation of extensor digitorum longus?
Deep fibular nerve (L4-5)
89
What is the origin of extensor hallucis longus?
Medial surface of fibula
90
What is the insertion of extensor hallucis longus?
Base of distal phalanx of big toe
91
What is the action of extensor hallucis longus?
- extends great toe
- dorsiflexes ankle
92
What is the innervation of extensor hallucis longus?
Deep fibular nerve (L4-5)
93
What is the origin of fibularis tertius?
Anterior surface of fibula
94
What is the insertion of fibularis tertius?
Base of 5th metatarsal
95
What is the action of fibularis tertius?
- dorsiflexion of ankle
- eversion of foot
96
What is the innervation of fibularis tertius?
Deep fibular nerve (L4-5)
97
What is the origin of fibularis longus?
Lateral surface of fibula
98
What is the insertion of fibularis longus?
Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
99
What is the action of fibularis longus?
- eversion of foot
- plantarflexion
100
What is the innervation of fibularis longus?
Superficial fibular nerve (L4-5)
101
What is the origin of fibularis brevis?
Lateral surface of fibula
102
What is the insertion of fibularis longus?
5th metatarsal
103
What is the action of fibularis longus?
- eversion of foot
- plantarflexion
104
What is the innervation of fibularis longus?
Superficial fibular nerve (L4-5)
105
What is the origin of gastrocnemius?
- lateral head - lateral femoral condyle
- medial head - medial femoral condyle
106
What is the insertion of gastrocnemius?
Calcaneal tendon
107
What is the action of gastrocnemius?
Plantarflexion of ankle
108
What is the innervation of gastrocnemius?
Tibial nerve (S1-2)
109
What is the origin of soleus?
Soleal line of tibia, and fibular head
110
What is the insertion of soleus?
Calcaneal tendon
111
What is the action of soleus?
Plantarflexion of ankle
112
What is the innervation of soleus?
Tibial nerve (S1-2)
113
What is the origin of plantaris?
Lateral supracondylar line of femur
114
What is the insertion of plantaris?
Calcaneal tendon
115
What is the action of plantaris?
Plantarflexion of foot
116
What is the innervation of plantaris?
Tibial nerve (S1-2)
117
What is the origin of popliteus?
Lateral epicondyle of femur
118
What is the insertion of popliteus?
Posterior tibia
119
What is the action of popliteus?
Laterally rotates femur on tibia, unlocking the joint to allow for flexion
120
What is the innervation of popliteus?
Tibial nerve (L4-S1)
121
What is the origin of flexor hallucis longus?
Posterior surface of fibula
122
What is the insertion of flexor hallucis longus?
Base of distal phalanx of great toe
123
What is the action of flexor hallucis longus?
Flexion of big toe
124
What is the innervation of flexor hallucis longus?
Tibial nerve (S2-3)
125
What is the origin of flexor digitorum longus?
Posterior surface of tibia
126
What is the insertion of flexor digitorum longus?
Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits
127
What is the action of flexor digitorum longus?
Flexion of lateral four digits
128
What is the innervation of flexor digitorum longus?
Tibial nerve (S2-3)
129
What is the origin of tibialis posterior?
Interosseus membrane between fibula and tibia
130
What is the insertion of tibialis posterior?
Plantar surface of medial tarsal bones
131
What is the action of tibialis posterior?
- plantarflexion of ankle
- inversion of foot
132
What is the innervation of tibialis posterior?
Tibial nerve (S4-5)
