Muscles of the Back: Intermediate and Deep

Question 1

intermediate muscles of the back?

Answer 1

serratus posterior inferior and superior

involved in respiration

Question 2

innervation of intermediate back muscles?

Answer 2

ventral primary rami of thoracic spinal nerves

Question 3

innervation of deep back muscles?

Answer 3

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 4

attachments of serratus posterior superior?

Answer 4

Origin:
-nuchal ligament and spinous processes of CV7-TV3

Insertion:
Posterior Surface of Ribs 2-5 lateral to angle

Question 5

action of serratus posterior superior?

Answer 5

elevates ribs during inspiration

Question 6

innervation of serratus posterior superior?

Answer 6

intercostal nerves T1-T4

Question 7

attachments of serratus posterior inferior?

Answer 7

Origin:
spinous processes of TV11 - LV2
-via thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: Posterior surface of Ribs 9-12 lateral to angle (like the lat)

Question 8

actions of the serratus posterior inferior?

Answer 8

depresses four lower ribs allowing diaphragm to act during inspiration

Question 9

innervation of serratus posterior inferior?

Answer 9

intercostal nerves T9-T11 and subcostal nerve

Question 10

fascia for deep back?

Answer 10

nuchal fascia - cervical
thoracolumbar fascia - thorax and lumbar

**continuous with one another

Question 11

splenius capitis et cervicis?

Answer 11

same origin

different insertions

Question 12

attachment of splenius capitis?

Answer 12

Origin:
spinous process of CV7 and TV6

Insertion:
lateral portion of superior nuchal line

Question 13

attachment of splenuis cervicis?

Answer 13

Origin:
spinous process of CV7 and TV6

Insertion:
posterior tubercles of transverse processes CV1-CV3

Question 14

action of splenius capitis?

Answer 14

extend head

rotate and side bend head to same side

Question 15

action of splenius cervicis?

Answer 15

extends and rotates neck to same side

also binds deeper muscle

Question 16

innervation of splenius capitis et cervicis?

Answer 16

dorsal rami of C2-C5

**dorsal primary rami

Question 17

erector spinae?

Answer 17

deep to superficial and intermediate muscles of back
-occupies the vertebral costal groove

attaches inferiorly to aponeurotic tendon

iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

Question 18

aponeurosis

Answer 18

broad tendon

Question 19

what happens as the erector spinae ascends?

Answer 19

separates into three muscles (ILS)

Question 20

three segments of iliocostalis?

Answer 20

lumborum, thoracis, cervicis

Question 21

three segments of longissimus?

Answer 21

thoracis, cervicis, capitis

Question 22

three segments of spinalis?

Answer 22

thoracis, cervicis, and capitis

**capitis usually blended with semispinalis (95%)

Question 23

major action of erector spinae?

Answer 23

no rotation (longissimus capitis only a little)

**only extension of the spine and sidebending

stabilizers

Question 24

attachment of iliocostalis?

Answer 24

Origin:
crest of ilium and sacrum
posterior surface of ribs at angle

Insertion:
angle of ribs, transverse processes of lower CV

Question 25

innervation of erector spinae?

Answer 25

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 26

attachment of longissimus?

Answer 26

Origin: transverse processes below Insertion: transverse processes above **capitis portion - mastoid process deep to splenius and sternocleidomastoid

Question 27

transversospinae

Answer 27

rotate the spine semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores deep to the erector spinae

Question 28

attachment of transversospinae?

Answer 28

Origin: transverse process below Insertion: Spinous process above

Question 29

action of transversospinae?

Answer 29

both sides acting - extent spine one side acting - side bend same side and rotation opposite side

Question 30

where is the reference for vertebral rotation?

Answer 30

the anterior body

Question 31

divisions of semispinalis?

Answer 31

thoracis, cervicis, and capitis each segment extends 4-6 vertebrae

Question 32

semispinalis thoracis?

Answer 32

continuous with the semispinalis cervicis

Question 33

semispinalis cervicis?

Answer 33

ends at spinous process of CV2

Question 34

semispinalis capitis?

Answer 34

largest muscle of posterior neck

Question 35

local adjustors?

Answer 35

proprioceptors send feedback to keep the vertebrae straight

Question 36

attachment of semispinalis capitis?

Answer 36

largest muscles of neck (posterior) Origin: mid-thoracic to lower cervical Insertion: -skull superficial to semispinalis cervicis

Question 37

what group of erector spinae fuses with other muscle?

Answer 37

semispinalis capitis fuses with spinalis capitis

Question 38

attachment of multifidus?

Answer 38

sacrum to CV2

Question 39

multifudus segmental subdivision?

Answer 39

2-4 vertebrae

Question 40

action of multifidus

Answer 40

mainly an extensor, minimal rotatory component mostly in lumbar

Question 41

attachment of rotatores?

Answer 41

same as multifidus

Question 42

first bifid spinous process?

Answer 42

CV2

Question 43

do lumbar vertebrae rotate?

Answer 43

not much mainly extensor action of multifidus

Question 44

what has greatest move effect in transversospinae?

Answer 44

semispinalis multifidus and rotatores are more involved in stabilization

Question 45

interspinales?

Answer 45

in between the spinous processes

Question 46

intertransversarii?

Answer 46

in between transverse processes

Question 47

function of intersegmental muscles?

Answer 47

stabilizers

Question 48

what is the role of intertransversarii?

Answer 48

local adjustors to maintain sidebending

Question 49

what is the role of interspinales?

Answer 49

local adjustor for extension of spine -mainly cervical and lumbar **thoracic has spinous processes that are very intimately associated

Question 50

intertransversarii in the thoracic region?

Answer 50

levator costarum

Question 51

levator costarum

Answer 51

transverse processes above to ribs (span 1-2 ribs)

Question 52

innervations of levator costarum?

Answer 52

ventral rami of spinal nerves

Question 53

suboccipital triangle?

Answer 53

located deep to the semispinalis capitis extend skull and rotate skull and atlas to same side

Question 54

innervation of all suboccipital triangle muscles?

Answer 54

dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital)

Question 55

C1

Answer 55

suboccipital nerve innervate the suboccipital triangle

Question 56

rectus capitus muscles?

Answer 56

rectus capitus posterior minor and major

Question 57

obliquus capitis muscles?

Answer 57

obliquus capitis inferior and superior

Question 58

rectus capitus posterior minor?

Answer 58

-

Question 59

rectus capitis posterior major?

Answer 59

-

Question 60

obliquus capitis inferior?

Answer 60

-

Question 61

obliquus capitis superior?

Answer 61

-

Question 62

what are the layers of muscle (all 6)

Answer 62

layer 1 - trapezius and latissimus dorsi layer 2 - rhomboids and levator scapulae layer 3 - serratus posteior superior and inferior layer 4 - Erector Spinae & Splenius Capitis et Cervicis layer 5 - Transversospinalis (Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores) layer 6 - Intersegmental Muscles (Interspinales, Intertransversarii)