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ANATOMY: upper limb > Muscles of the forearm > Flashcards

Muscles of the forearm Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the muscles in the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

(distal-medial)

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

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2
Q

Where is the common flexor origin (CFO)?

A

Anterior aspect of medial epicondyle

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3
Q

What is the function of the pronator teres?

A

Pronation of the forearm

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4
Q

What is the function of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Flexes the wrist

Abducts the wrist

Stabilises wrist in powerful finger movements

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5
Q

What is the function of the palmaris longus?

A

Flexes the wrist

Tenses palmar fascia

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6
Q

What is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Adducts and flexes the wrist

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7
Q

Which nerve supplies the pronator teres?

A

Median

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8
Q

Which nerve supplies the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median

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9
Q

Which nerve supplies the palmaris longus?

A

Median

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10
Q

Which nerve supplies the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar

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11
Q

Where is the origin of the pronator teres?

A

CFO

Distal part of supracondylar ridge of humerus

Medial aspect of coronoid process

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12
Q

Where is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

CFO

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13
Q

Where is the origin of the palmaris longus?

A

CFO

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14
Q

Where is the origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris

A

CFO

medial margin of olecranon process of ulna

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15
Q

Where is the insertion of the pronator teres?

A

Maximum convexity of the radius at the midpoint of the lateral aspect of the bone

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16
Q

Where is the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Bases of second and third metacarpals

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17
Q

Where is the insertion of the palmaris longus?

A

Palmar aponeurosis with a superficial tendon adherent to the flexor retinaculum

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18
Q

Where is the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Pisiform, hook of hamate and base of 5th metacarpal

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19
Q

What is the muscle in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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20
Q

Where is the origin of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Humero-ulanr head:
CFO

Coronoid process

ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint

Extended origin from radius

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21
Q

Where is the insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Radial and ulnar aspects of the base of the middle phalanx

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22
Q

What is the function of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Flexor of wrist and fingers (excluding distal interphalangeal joints)

Weak flexor of the elbow

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23
Q

Which nerve supplies the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Median

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24
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicus

Pronator quadratus

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25
Where is the origin of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Ulna and adjacent interosseous membrane
26
Where is the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Base of terminal phalanges
27
What is the function of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Flexion of interphalangeal joints, metacarpalphalangeal joints and the wrist
28
Which nerve supplies the flexor digitorum profundus?
Median nerve (radial 2 fingers) Ulnar nerve (ulnar 2 fingers)
29
Where is the origin of the flexor pollicis longus?
Anterior surface of distal radius
30
Where is the insertion of the flexor pollicis longus?
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
31
What is the function of the flexor pollicis longus?
Flexor of thumb
32
Which nerve supplies the flexor pollicis longus?
Anterior branch of median nerve
33
Where is the origin of the pronator quadratus?
Anterior surfaces of distal radius and ulna
34
What is the function of the pronator quadratus?
Pronation of forearm
35
Which nerve supplies the pronator quadratus?
Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve
36
What are the 7 muscles in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
``` Anconeus Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum communis Extensor digiti minimi Flexor carpi ulnaris ```
37
Where is the origin of the anconeous?
CEO
38
Where is the CEO (common extensor origin)
Posterior aspect of lateral epicondyle
39
Where is the insertion of the anconeous?
Lateral aspect of proximal ulna
40
What is the function of the anconeous?
Pronation Extends elbow
41
Which nerve supplies the anconeous?
Radial
42
Where is the origin of the brachioradialis?
Upper 2/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
43
Where is the insertion of the brachioradialis?
Radial styloid process
44
What is the function of the brachioradialis?
Flexes elbow in position midway between pronation and supination (drinking muscle)
45
Which nerve supplies the brachioradialis?
Radial
46
Where is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
47
Where is origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
CEO
48
Where is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Base of second and third metacarpals
49
Where is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Base of second and third metacarpals
50
Which nerve supplies the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve
51
Which nerve supplies the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Radial
52
What is the position of the wrist when the ECRL and ECRB act with the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Neutrally extended
53
What happens to the wrist when the ECRL and ECRB act with the flexor carpi radialis?
Pulled into radial deviation
54
Where is the origin of the extensor digitorum communis?
CEO
55
Where is the insertion of the extensor digitorum communis?
4 tendons: 1 in each phalange
56
What is the function of the extensor digitorum communis?
Main extensor of fingers
57
Which nerve supplies the extensor digitorum communis?
Posterior interosseous
58
Where is the origin of the digiti minimi?
CEO
59
Where is the insertion of the digiti minimi?
Medial aspect of dorsal expansion of little finger
60
What is the function of the digiti minimi?
Extension of little finger
61
Which nerve supplies the digiti minimi?
Posterior interosseous
62
Where is the origin of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
CEO subcutaneous border of ulna
63
Where is the insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Base of 5th metacarpal
64
What is the function of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Extends or adducts hand at the wrist
65
Which nerve supplies the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Posterior interosseous
66
What are the 5 muscles in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
``` Supinator Abductor pollicus longus Extensor pollicus brevis Extensor pollicus longus Extensor indicus ```
67
Where is the origin of the supinator
Supinator crest of ulna, distal to radial notch
68
Where is the insertion of the supinator?
lateral aspect of proximal shaft of radius
69
What is the function of the supinator?
Supination
70
Which nerve supplies the supinator?
Posterior interosseous
71
Where is the origin of the abductor pollicis longus?
Proximal dorsum of ulna interosseous membrane Dorsum of mid portion of radius
72
Where is the insertion of the abductor pollicis longus?
Lateral aspect of base of thumb metacarpal
73
What is the function of the abductor pollicis longus?
Abducts an extends thumb Abducts wrist
74
Where is the origin of the extensor pollicis brevis?
dorsum of radius, adjacent to AbPL adjacent part of interosseous membrane
75
Where is the insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
76
What is the function of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Extends thumb at metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints
77
Where is the origin of the extensor pollicis longus?
Dorsum of ulna, distal to AbPL Adjacent part of interosseous membrane
78
Where is the insertion of the extensor pollicis longus?
Dorsum of base of terminal phalanx of thumb
79
What is the function of the extensor pollicis longus?
Extends metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of thumb Extensor of wrist
80
Where is the origin of the extensor indicis?
Posterior aspect of ulna interosseous membrane
81
Where is the insertion of the extensor indicis?
Dorsal expansion of index finger

ANATOMY: upper limb (7 decks)

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