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Clinical Anatomy > Muscles of the forearm and hand > Flashcards

Muscles of the forearm and hand Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 components of the forearm?

A

Anterior (flexor-pronator) and
Posterior (extensor-supinator)

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2
Q

What is the origin of the pronator teres?

A

Humeral Head: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar Head: Coronoid process of ulna

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3
Q

What is the insertion of pronator teres?

A

Middle of lateral surface of radius

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4
Q

What is the innervation of pronator teres?

A

Median nerve (C6, C7)

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5
Q

What is the action of pronator teres?

A

Pronates and flexes elbow

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6
Q

Flexor-pronator muscles are divided into two groups: what are they?

A

Superficial group of muscles (5):
(Cross the elbow joint)
Deep group of muscles (3):
(Do not cross the elbow joint)

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7
Q

What are the superficial group of muscles of the forearm? (Flexor-pronator)

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor digitorum superficialis – second layer

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8
Q

What are the deep group of muscles of the forearm? (Flexor-pronator)

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

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9
Q

What is the origin of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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10
Q

What is the insertion of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?

A

Base of 2nd metacarpal

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?

A

Median nerve (C6, C7)

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12
Q

What is the action of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?

A

Flexes and abducts wrist

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13
Q

What is the origin of Palmaris Longus?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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14
Q

What is the insertion of Palmaris Longus?

A

Distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

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15
Q

What is the innervation of Palmaris Longus?

A

Median nerve (C6, C7)

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16
Q

What is the action of Palmaris Longus?

A

Flexes wrist and tightens palmar aponeurosis
(absent in 14% of the population)

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17
Q

What is the origin of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head: Olecranon and posterior border of ulna

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18
Q

What is the insertion of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal

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19
Q

What is the innervation of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Ulnar nerve (C7, C8)

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20
Q

What is the action of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Flexes and adducts wrist

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21
Q

What is the origin of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?

A

Humeroulnar head: Medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process of ulna
Radial head: Superior half of anterior border of radius

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22
Q

What is the insertion of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?

A

Bodies of middle phalanges of medial four digits

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23
Q

What is the innervation of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?

A

Median nerve (C7, C8, T1)

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24
Q

What is the action of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?

A

Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints of medial four digits; acting more strongly it also flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints

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25
What is the origin of Flexor Digitorum Profundus?
Proximal three fourths of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
26
What is the insertion of Flexor Digitorum Profundus?
Base of distal phalanges of medial four digits
27
What is the innervation of Flexor Digitorum Profundus?
Medial part: ulnar nerve (C8, T1) Lateral part: median nerve (C8, T1)
28
What is the innervation of Flexor Digitorum Profundus?
Flexes distal interphalangeal joints of medial four digits; assists with flexion of the hand
29
What is the origin of Flexor Pollicis Longus?
Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
30
What is the insertion of Flexor Pollicis Longus?
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
31
What is the innervation of Flexor Pollicis Longus?
Anterior interosseous nerve from median (C8, T1)
32
What is the action of Flexor Pollicis Longus?
Flexes interphalangeal joint of thumb
33
What is the origin of Pronator Quadratus?
Distal fourth of anterior surface ulna
34
What is the insertion of Pronator Quadratus?
Distal fourth of anterior surface of radius
35
What is the innervation of Pronator Quadratus?
Anterior interosseous nerve from median (C8, T1)
36
What is the action of Pronator Quadratus?
Pronates forearm; deep fibres bind radius and ulna together
37
What are the superficial muscles of the extensor-supinator muscles?
Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris
38
What are the deep muscles of the extensor-supinator muscles?
Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis
39
What muscles Extend Abduct and adduct the wrist?
Extensor Carpi Radialis longus Extensor Carpi Radialis brevis Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
40
Which muscles extend the medial 4 digits?
Extensor digitorum Extensor Indicis Extensor digiti minimi
41
Which muscles extend and abduct the first digit?
Abductor Pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus
42
What is the origin of Brachioradialis?
Proximal two thirds of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
43
What is the insertion of Brachioradialis?
lateral surface of radius proximal to the radial styloid
44
What is the innervation of Brachioradialis?
Radial nerve (C6, C7)
45
What is the action of Brachioradialis?
Weak flexor of the forearm, maximal when the forearm is in midpronated position
46
What are Muscles that extend and abduct (1) or adduct the hand at the wrist (2)?
1 Extensor carpi radialis longus and Extensor carpi radialis brevis 2 Extensor carpi ulnaris
47
What is the origin of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus?
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and a few fibres from the lateral epicondyle
48
What is the insertion of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus?
Base of 2nd metacarpal
49
What is the innervation of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus?
Radial nerve (C6, C7)
50
What is the action of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus?
Extend and abduct wrist
51
What is the origin of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
52
What is the insertion of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis?
Base of 3rd metacarpal
53
What is the innervation of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis?
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
54
What is the action of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis?
Extend and abduct wrist
55
What is the origin of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
56
What is the insertion of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?
Base of 5th metacarpal
57
What is the innervation of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), the continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
58
What is the action of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?
Extends and adducts wrist
59
What is the origin of Extensor Indicis?
Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
60
What is the insertion of Extensor Indicis?
Extensor expansion of 2nd digit
61
What is the innervation of Extensor Indicis?
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), the continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
62
What is the action of Extensor Indicis?
Extends 2nd digit and helps extend the hand
63
What is the origin of Extensor Digitorum?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
64
What is the insertion of Extensor Digitorum?
Extensor expansions of medial four digits
65
What is the innervation of Extensor Digitorum?
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), the continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
66
What is the action of Extensor Digitorum?
Extends medial four metacarpophalangeal joints; extends wrist
67
What is the origin of Extensor Digiti Minimi?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
68
What is the insertion of Extensor Digiti Minimi?
Extensor expansion of 5th digit
69
What is the innervation of Extensor Digiti Minimi?
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), the continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
70
What is the action of Extensor Digiti Minimi?
Extends 5th metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
71
What is the origin of the supinator muscle?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and anular ligaments, supinator fossa, supinator crest of ulna
72
What is the insertion of the supinator muscle?
Lateral posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius
73
What is the innervation of the supinator muscle?
Deep branch of radial nerve (C5, C6)
74
What is the action of the supinator muscle?
Supinates forearm
75
What is the origin of Abductor Pollicis Longus?
Posterior surfaces of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
76
What is the insertion of Abductor Pollicis Longus?
Base of 1st metacarpal
77
What is the innervation of Abductor Pollicis Longus?
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), the continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
78
What is the action of Abductor Pollicis Longus?
Abducts and extends thumb at the carpometacarpal joint
79
What is the origin of Extensor Pollicis Brevis?
Posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
80
What is the insertion of Extensor Pollicis Brevis?
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
81
What is the innervation of Extensor Pollicis Brevis?
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), the continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
82
What is the action of Extensor Pollicis Brevis?
Extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint
83
What is the origin of Extensor Pollicis Longus?
Posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane
84
What is the insertion of Extensor Pollicis Longus?
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
85
What is the innervation of Extensor Pollicis Longus?
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), the continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
86
What is the action of Extensor Pollicis Longus?
Extends thumb at interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints
87
What muscles are in the thenar compartment of the hand?
Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis
88
What muscles are in the adductor compartment of the hand?
Adductor pollicis
89
What muscles are in the hypothenar compartment of the hand?
Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi
90
What muscles are in the central compartment of the hand?
Lumbricals Interossei
91
What is the origin of Abductor Pollicis Brevis?
Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
92
What is the insertion of Abductor Pollicis Brevis?
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
93
What is the innervation of Abductor Pollicis Brevis?
Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
94
What is the action of Abductor Pollicis Brevis?
Abducts thumb and helps oppose it
95
What is the origin of Flexor Pollicis Brevis?
Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
96
What is the insertion of Flexor Pollicis Brevis?
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
97
What is the innervation of the Flexor Pollicis Brevis?
Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
98
What is the action of the Flexor Pollicis Brevis?
Flexes thumb
99
What is the origin of Opponens Pollicis?
Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
100
What is the insertion of Opponens Pollicis?
Lateral side of 1st metacarpal
101
What is the innervation of Opponens Pollicis?
Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
102
What is the action of Opponens Pollicis?
Opposes thumb toward centre of palm
103
What is the origin of Adductor Pollicis?
Oblique head: Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, and adjacent carpals Transverse head: Anterior surface of body of 3rd metacarpal
104
What is the insertion of Adductor Pollicis?
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
105
What is the innervation of Adductor Pollicis?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
106
What is the action of Adductor Pollicis?
Adducts thumb
107
What is the origin of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
Pisiform
108
What is the insertion of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger
109
What is the innervation of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
110
What is the action of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
Abducts 5th digit
111
What is the origin of Flexor Digiti Minimi?
Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
112
What is the insertion of Flexor Digiti Minimi?
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger
113
What is the innervation of Flexor Digiti Minimi?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
114
What is the action of Flexor Digiti Minimi?
Flexes proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
115
What is the origin of Opponens Digiti Minimi?
Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
116
What is insertion of Opponens Digiti Minimi?
Medial border of 5th metacarpal
117
What is the innervation of Opponens Digiti Minimi?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
118
What is the action of Opponens Digiti Minimi?
Brings the 5th digit into opposition with the thumb
119
What is the origin of the Lumbricals?
Lumbricals 1 and 2: Lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus Lumbricals 3 and 4: Medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
120
What is the insertion of the Lumbricals?
Lateral sides of extensor expansions of digits 2-5
121
What is the innervation of Lumbricals?
Lumbricals 1 and 2: Median nerve (C8, T1) Lumbricals 3 and 4: Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
122
What is the action of Lumbricals?
Flexes metacarpophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints
123
What is the origin of Dorsal Interossei 1 - 4 DAB?
Adjacent sides of two metacarpals
124
What is the insertion of Dorsal Interossei 1 - 4 DAB?
Extensor expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2-4
125
What is the innervation of Dorsal Interossei 1 - 4 DAB?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
126
What is the action of Dorsal Interossei 1 - 4 DAB?
Abducts digits, flexes metacarpophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints
127
What is the origin of the Palmar Interossei PAD?
Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals
128
What is the insertion of Palmar Interossei PAD?
Extensor expansions of digits and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4, and 5
129
What is the innervation of Palmar Interossei PAD?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
130
What is the action of Palmar Interossei PAD?
Adducts digits, flexes metacarpophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints
131
What muscles allow abduction of the thumb?
Abductor pollicis longus Abductor pollicis brevis
132
What muscles allow adduction of the thumb?
Adductor pollicis
133
What muscles allow extension of the thumb?
Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Abductor Pollicis longus
134
What muscles allow Flexion of the thumb?
Flexor pollicis longus Flexor pollicis brevis
135
What muscles allow opposition of the thumb?
Opponens pollicis

Clinical Anatomy (21 decks)

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