Muscles on muscles (SECOND MIDTERM)

Question 1

abductor pollicis longus...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 1

origin: posterior surface of radius and ulna
insertion: base of 1st metacarpal
innervation: radial nerve
spinal nerve segments: C6-C7
evolutionary group: abductors
action: abducts and extends thumb

Question 2

adductor longus...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 2

origin: inferior ramus of pubis anterior to adductor brevis
insertion: linea aspera of femur
innervation: obturator nerve
spinal nerve segments: L3-L4
evolutionary group: adductors
action: adduction, flexion, and medial rotation at hip

Question 3

adductor magnus (adductor portion)...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 3

origin: inferior ramus of pubis
insertion: adductor tubercle of femur
innervation: obturator nerve
spinal nerve segments: L3-L4
evolutionary group: adductors
action: adduction at hip, flexion and medial rotation

Question 4

adductor magnus (hamstring portion)...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
action:

Answer 4

origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: linea aspera of femur
innervation: sciatic nerve (tibial portion)
spinal nerve segments: L5-S2
action: extension and lateral rotation

Question 5

biceps brachii LONG HEAD...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 5

origin: supraglenoid tubercle
insertion: radial tuberosity on proximal tubercle
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
spinal nerve segments: C5-C6
evolutionary group: flexors
action: flexes elbow and supinates shoulder

Question 6

biceps brachii SHORT HEAD...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 6

origin: coracoid process of the scapula
insertion: radial tuberosity on proximal tubercle
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
spinal nerve segments: C5-C6
evolutionary group: flexors
action: flexes elbow and supinates shoulder

Question 7

biceps femoris LONG HEAD...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 7

origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
innervation: sciatic nerve (tibial portion)
spinal nerve segments: S1-S3
evolutionary group: flexors
action: flexion at knee, extension and lateral rotation at hip

Question 8

biceps femoris SHORT HEAD...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 8

origin: linea aspera
insertion: head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
innervation: peroneal nerve
spinal nerve segments: L5-S2
evolutionary group: abductors
action: flexes at knee

Question 9

brachialis...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 9

origin: anterior, distal surface of humerus
insertion: tuberosity of ulna
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve
spinal nerve segments: C5-C6 and C7-C8
evolutionary group: flexors
action: flexion at elbow

Question 10

brachioradialis...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 10

origin: ridge superior to the lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: lateral aspect of styloid process of radius
innervation: radial nerve
spinal nerve segments: C5-C6
evolutionary group: flexors
action: flexion at elbow

Question 11

coracobrachialis...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 11

origin: coracoid process of the scapula
insertion: mid shaft of humerus
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
spinal nerve segments: C5-C7 (focus on C5-C6)
evolutionary group: flexors
action: adducts humerus & flexes at shoulder

Question 12

deltoideus...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 12

origin: clavicle and scapula (acromion and scapular spine)
insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
innervation: axillary nerve
spinal nerve segments: C5-C6
evolutionary group: abductors
action: flexes & extends at shoulder; abducts & medially and laterally rotates humerus

Question 13

extensor carpi radialis brevis...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 13

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: base of third metacarpal bone
innervation: radial nerve
spinal nerve segments: C6-C7
evolutionary group: extensors
action: extension and abduction at wrist

Question 14

extensor carpi radialis longus...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 14

origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
insertion: base of second metacarpal bone
innervation: radial nerve
spinal nerve segments: C6-C7
evolutionary group: extensors
action: extension and abduction at wrist

Question 15

extensor carpi ulnaris...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 15

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus; adjacent dorsal surface of ulna
insertion: base of 5th metacarpal bone
innervation: deep radial nerve
spinal nerve segments: C6-C8
evolutionary group: extensors
action: extension and abduction at wrist

Question 16

extensor digitorum...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 16

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: extensor tendons over posterior surfaces of phalanges of digits 2-5
innervation: radial nerve
spinal nerve segments: C6-C8 (focus on C7-C8)
evolutionary group: extensors
action: extends at wrist, extends fingers

Question 17

extensor digitorum longus pedis...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 17

origin: lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula
insertion: superior surfaces of phalanges, toes 2-5
innervation: peroneal nerve
spinal nerve segments: L4-S1
evolutionary group: extensors
action: extension at joints of toes 2-5

Question 18

extensor hallucis longus...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 18

origin: anterior surface of fibula
insertion: superior surfaces, distal phalanx of great toe
innervation: peroneal nerve
spinal nerve segments: L4-S1
evolutionary group: extensors
action: extension at joints of big toe

Question 19

flexor carpi radialis...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 19

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: base of second and third metacarpal bones
innervation: median nerve
spinal nerve segments: C6-C7
evolutionary group: flexors
action: flexion and abduction at wrist

Question 20

flexor carpi ulnaris...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 20

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus; adjacent medial surface of olecranon process and anteromedial portion of ulna
insertion: pisiform, hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal bone
innervation: ulnar nerve
spinal nerve segments: C8-T1
evolutionary group: flexors
action: flexion and adduction at wrist

Question 21

flexor digitorum longus...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 21

origin: posteromedial surface of tibia
insertion: inferior surface of distal phalanges, toes 2-5
innervation: sciatic nerve (tibial portion)
spinal nerve segments: L5-S1
evolutionary group:
action: flexion at joints of toes 2-5

Question 22

flexor digitorum profundus...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 22

origin: medial & posterior surfaces of ulna, medial surface of coronoid process, and interosseus membrane
insertion: bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
innervation: median & ulnar nerves
spinal nerve segments: C8-T1
evolutionary group: flexors
action: flexes at wrist; flexes digits at metacarpophalangeal & interphalangeal joints

Question 23

flexor digitorum superficialis...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 23

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: midlateral surfaces of middle phalanges of fingers 2-5
innervation: median nerve
spinal nerve segments: C7-T1
evolutionary group: flexors
action: flexes wrist and middle phalanges

Question 24

flexor hallucis longus...
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
spinal nerve segments:
evolutionary group:
action:

Answer 24

origin: posterior surface of fibula
insertion: inferior surface, distal phalanx of big toe
innervation: sciatic nerve (tibial portion)
spinal nerve segments: L5-S1
evolutionary group: flexors
action: flexion at joints of big toe

Question 25

``` flexor pollicis longus... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 25

origin: anterior shaft of radius, interosseus membrane insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb innervation: median nerve spinal nerve segments: C8-T1 evolutionary group: flexors action: flexion at joints of thumb

Question 26

``` gastrocnemius LATERAL HEAD... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 26

origin: lateral condyle of femur insertion: calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon innervation: tibial nerve spinal nerve segments: S1-S2 evolutionary group: flexors action: plantar flexes foot; flexes at knee (slightly)

Question 27

``` gastrocnemius MEDIAL HEAD... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 27

origin: medial condyle of femur insertion: calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon innervation: tibial nerve spinal nerve segments: S1-S2 evolutionary group: flexors action: plantar flexes foot; flexes at knee (slightly)

Question 28

``` gemellus INFERIOR... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 28

origin: ischial spine insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter with tendon of obturator internus innervation: sciatic nerve (tibial portion) spinal nerve segments: L5-S2 action: lateral rotation at hip

Question 29

``` gemellus SUPERIOR... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 29

origin: ischial tuberosity insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter with tendon of obturator internus innervation: sciatic nerve (tibial portion) spinal nerve segments: L5-S2 action: lateral rotation at hip

Question 30

``` gluteus maximus... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 30

origin: posterior surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx insertion: iliotibial tract & gluteal tuberosity of femur innervation: inferior gluteal nerve (peroneal nerve) spinal nerve segments: L5-S2 evolutionary group: abductors action: extends at hip; abducts and laterally rotates thigh

Question 31

``` gluteus medius... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 31

origin: anterior iliac crest, lateral surface between posterior and anterior gluteal lines insertion: greater trochanter of femur innervation: superior gluteal nerve spinal nerve segments: L4-S1 evolutionary group: abductors action: abduction and medial rotation at thigh

Question 32

``` gracilis... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 32

origin: inferior ramus of pubis insertion: medial surface of tibia, inferior to medial condyle innervation: obturator nerve spinal nerve segments: L3-L4 evolutionary group: adductors action: adducts thigh, flexes at knee

Question 33

``` infraspinatus... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 33

origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula insertion: greater tubercle of humerus innervation: suprascapular nerve spinal nerve segments: C5-C6 action: laterally rotates humerus

Question 34

``` latissimus dorsi... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 34

origin: spinous process of inferior thoracic & all lumbar; ribs 8-12; thoracolumbar fascia insertion: floor of inter tubercular groove of the humerus innervation: thoracodorsal nerve spinal nerve segments: C6-C8 action: extension, adduction, and medial rotation of shoulders

Question 35

``` levator scapulae... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 35

origin: transverse processes of first 4 cervical vertebrae insertion: vertebral border of scapula near superior angle innervation: dorsal scapular nerve spinal nerve segments: C3-C4, C5 action: retracts scapula, depresses glenoid

Question 36

``` obturator internus... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 36

origin: lateral and medial margin of obturator foramen insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter innervation: special nerve from sacral plexus spinal nerve segments: L5-S2 action: lateral rotation at hip

Question 37

``` palmaris longus... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 37

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus insertion: palmar aponeurosis innervation: median nerve spinal nerve segments: C6-C7 evolutionary group: flexors action: flexes wrist

Question 38

``` pectoralis major CLAVICULAR HEAD... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 38

origin: inferior margin of clavicle insertion: greater tubercular crest of humerus innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves spinal nerve segments: C5-T1 action: flexion, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

Question 39

``` pectoralis major STERNAL HEAD... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 39

origin: ventro-lateral margin of sternum; costal cartilages 1-6 insertion: greater tubercular crest of humerus innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves spinal nerve segments: C5-T1 action: depresses and adducts humerus

Question 40

``` pectoralis minor... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 40

origin: anterior, superior surfaces of ribs 2-5 insertion: coracoid process of scapula innervation: medial pectoral nerve spinal nerve segments: C8-T1 evolutionary group: adductors action: depress scapula or elevate ribs

Question 41

``` peroneus brevis... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 41

origin: midlateral margin of fibula insertion: base of 5th metatarsal bone innervation: peroneal nerve spinal nerve segments: L4-S1 evolutionary group: extensors action: eversion of foot and extension (plantar flexion) at ankle

Question 42

``` peroneus longus... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 42

origin: lateral condyle of tibia, head and proximal shaft of fibula insertion: base of first metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform bone innervation: peroneal nerve spinal nerve segments: L4-S1 evolutionary group: extensors action: eversion of foot and extension (plantar flexion) at ankle; support longitudinal arch

Question 43

``` piriformis... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 43

origin: anterolateral surface of sacrum insertion: greater trochanter of femur innervation: branches of sacral nerves spinal nerve segments: S1-S2 action: lateral rotation and abduction at hip

Question 44

``` popliteus... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 44

origin: lateral condyle of femur insertion: posterior surface of proximal tibial shaft innervation: tibial nerve spinal nerve segments: L4-S1 evolutionary group: flexors action: medial rotation of tibia (or lateral rotation of femur), flexion at the knee

Question 45

``` pronator quadratus... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 45

origin: anterior and medial surfaces of distal portion of ulna insertion: anterolateral surface of distal portion of radius innervation: median nerve spinal nerve segments: C8-T1 action: pronation

Question 46

``` pronator teres... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 46

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna insertion: lateral radius (midshaft) innervation: median nerve spinal nerve segments: C6-C7 action: pronates forearm

Question 47

``` quadratus femoris... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 47

origin: lateral border of ischial tuberosity insertion: intertrochanteric crest of femur innervation: special nerve from sacral plexus spinal nerve segments: L4-S1 action: lateral rotation at hip

Question 48

``` rectus femoris... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 48

origin: anterior inferior iliac spine insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament innervation: femoral nerve spinal nerve segments: L2-L4 evolutionary group: extensors action: extends knee and flexes at hip

Question 49

``` vastus intermedius... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 49

origin: anterolateral surface of femur and linea aspera (distal half) insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament innervation: femoral nerve spinal nerve segments: L2-L4 evolutionary group: extensors action: extends at knee

Question 50

``` vastus lateralis... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 50

origin: anterior & inferior to greater trochanter of femur and proximal half of linea aspera insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament innervation: femoral nerve spinal nerve segments: L2-L4 evolutionary group: extensors action: extends at knee

Question 51

``` vastus medialis... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 51

``` origin: entire length of linea aspera insertion: innervation: femoral nerve spinal nerve segments: L2-L4 evolutionary group: extensors action: extends at knee ```

Question 52

``` rhomboideus MAJOR... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 52

origin: spinous processes of T1-T4 insertion: medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle innervation: dorsal scapular nerve spinal nerve segments: C5 action: adducts scapula and performs downward rotation

Question 53

``` rhomboideus MINOR... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 53

origin: spinous process of vertebrae C7-T1 insertion: medial border of scapula near spine innervation: dorsal scapular nerve spinal nerve segments: C5 action: adducts scapula and performs downward rotation

Question 54

``` sartorius... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 54

origin: anterior superior iliac spine insertion: medial surface or tibia near tibial tuberosity innervation: femoral nerve spinal nerve segments: L2-L4 evolutionary group: flexors action: flexion at knee, flexion and lateral rotation at hip

Question 55

``` semimembranosus... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 55

origin: ischial tuberosity insertion: posterior surfaces of medial condyle of tibia innervation: sciatic nerve (tibial portion) spinal nerve segments: L5-S2 evolutionary group: flexors action: flexion at knee, extension and medial rotation at hip

Question 56

``` semitendinosus... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 56

origin: ischial tuberosity insertion: proximal, medial surface of tibia near insertion of gracilis innervation: sciatic nerve (tibial portion) spinal nerve segments: L5-S2 evolutionary group: flexors action: flexion at knee, extension and medial rotation at hip

Question 57

``` serratus anterior... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 57

origin: first 9 ribs insertion: medial edge of scapula's deep surface innervation: long thoracic nerve spinal nerve segments: C5-C7 evolutionary group: originally body wall musculature action: rotates and protracts scapula, elevates glenoid

Question 58

``` soleus... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 58

origin: head and proximal shaft of fibula and adjacent posteromedial shaft of tibia insertion: calcaneus by calcanea tendon (with gastrocnemius) innervation: sciatic nerve (tibial portion) spinal nerve segments: L5-S1 evolutionary group: extensors action: extension (plantar flexion) at ankle

Question 59

``` sternocleidomastoideus CLAVICULAR head and STERNAL head... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 59

origin: CH = attaches to sternal end of clavicle; SH = attaches to manubrium insertion: mastoid region of skull and lateral portion of superior nuchal line innervation: accessory nerve and cervical spinal nerves or cervical plexus spinal nerve segments: XI and C2-C3 action: together they flex the neck; alone one side flexes head toward shoulder and rotates face to opposite side

Question 60

``` subscapularis... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 60

origin: subscapular fossa of scapula insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus innervation: upper and lower sub scapular nerves spinal nerve segments: C5-C6 action: medially rotates humerus

Question 61

``` supinator... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 61

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus insertion: proximal end of radius innervation: radial nerve spinal nerve segments: C6-C8 action: supinates forearm

Question 62

``` supraspinatus... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 62

origin: supraspinous fossa or the scapula insertion: greater tubercle of humerus innervation: suprascapular nerve spinal nerve segments: C5 action: abducts humerus

Question 63

``` tensor fascia latae... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 63

origin: anterior superior iliac spine insertion: lateral condyle of tibia via fascia lata (iliotibial tract) innervation: superior gluteal nerve (peroneal nerve) spinal nerve segments: L4-S1 evolutionary group: abductors action: tense fascia lata; flex hip; abduct and medially rotate thigh

Question 64

``` teres major... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 64

origin: inferior angle of scapula insertion: medial crest of inter tubercular groove innervation: subscapular nerves spinal nerve segments: C5-C6 action: extends at shoulder; adducts & medially rotates humerus

Question 65

``` teres minor... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: action: ```

Answer 65

origin: lateral border of scapula insertion: greater tubercle of humerus innervation: axillary nerve spinal nerve segments: C5 action: laterally rotates humerus

Question 66

``` tibialis anterior... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 66

origin: proximal lateral tibia & interosseus membrane insertion: medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal innervation: peroneal nerve spinal nerve segments: L4-S1 (focus on L4-L5) evolutionary group: extensors action: dorsi flexes and inverts foot

Question 67

``` trapezius... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 67

origin: occipital bone; spines of C7-T12 insertion: acromion, spine of scapula, lateral 1/3 of clavicle innervation: accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) spinal nerve segments: C3-C4 evolutionary group: branchial action: elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula upward; elevate clavicle; extend neck

Question 68

``` triceps brachii LATERAL HEAD... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 68

origin: posterior surface of humeral shaft insertion: olecranon process of ulna innervation: radial nerve spinal nerve segments: C6-C8 evolutionary group: extensors action: extends elbow

Question 69

``` triceps brachii LONG HEAD... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 69

origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula insertion: olecranon process of ulna innervation: radial nerve spinal nerve segments: C6-C8 evolutionary group: extensors action: extends elbow, extends and adducts shoulder

Question 70

``` triceps brachii MEDIAL HEAD... origin: insertion: innervation: spinal nerve segments: evolutionary group: action: ```

Answer 70

origin: posterior surface of humeral shaft insertion: olecranon process of ulna innervation: radial nerve spinal nerve segments: C6-C8 evolutionary group: extensors action: extends elbow