Muscles Overview Flashcards
1
Q
This system helps regulate body temperatures/ Hold structure to the body
A
Muscular system
2
Q
Muscles that are controlled by will
A
Voluntary, Striated, Skeletal
3
Q
Muscles that function without will
A
Involuntary, Non striated, Smooth
4
Q
The capacity of the muscles to react and receive stimuli
A
Irritability(reactivity), excitability(sensitivity)
5
Q
The ability of the muscles to contract/shorten, excerting force
A
Contractility
6
Q
The ability of the muscles to stretch
A
Extensibility
7
Q
What protein makes up 50% of muscle tissue
A
Myosin/ Actin
8
Q
Where is the sarcolemma and what is it
A
Beneath the fascia, where the muscles are organized and the myofibrilis is found
9
Q
The shortest of abductor muscles is
A
Pectineus
10
Q
Neurotransmitter
A
Chemical messengers of the body
11
Q
Aerobic cellular respiration
A
Makes energy by replenishing ADP from ATP (Krebs cycle makes ATP- breaking down sugar in body)
12
Q
ATP
A
Gives energy for contractions. Comes from food and oxygen.
13
Q
Oxygen debt causes
A
more fatigue because less energy is being produced.
14
Q
Slow twitch, Slow contraction time, good resistance to fatigue
A
Type 1 fibers
15
Q
High velocity contractions that happen for a short time, explosive
A
Type 2 B fibers
16
Q
AKA muscle cell. The contractile, functional unit of the muscle tissue
Long , cylinder shaped, wormlike structures that can run the length of the entire muscle
A
Muscle Fibers and what they look like
17
Q
The outerlayer of muscles connecting the adjacent ribs
A
External intercostals
18
Q
What causes most muscular dystrophies
A
Genetic disorders
19
Q
The strongest of all 4 quad muscles
A
Vastus Lateris
20
Q
The long, slender muscle originating on the inferior pubic ramus
A
Gracilis
21
Q
What is an isometric contraction
A
When the muscle contracts, but length does not change. (ex: pushing against a brick mall)
22
Q
Isotonic contraction
A
When the muscle contracts and there is a change in the length of the muscle
23
Q
Eccentric contraction
A
In an isotonic contraction the length of the muscle increasing(not contracting)
24
Q
Cocentric contraction
A
In an isotonic contraction the length of the muscle decreasing(the act of contracting)
25
Muscles that are only found in the heart
Heart/Cardiac muscle
26
Conscious will of movement is governed by the
Central nervous system
27
Muscle type fastened to bones, skins, muscle and make up fleshy areas of the body
Voluntary muscles
28
-Helps relieve common tissue dysfunctions like Sprains + Spasms.
-Helps activity and circulation of blood, lymph, and nerves.
Benefit of massage on the Muscular system
29
The system responsible for the act of breathing, moving blood/urine, and transporting food through the digestive tract
The muscular system
30
Elasticity
The tissues ability to return back to the normal resting length
31
Where are the nuclei that produce the enzymes and proteins necessary in muscle contractions
Within muscle fibers
32
The Connective tissue covering around the Muscle cell/Fiber
Endomysium
33
Located beneath the connective tissue in the sarcolemma
Cell membrane
34
Myofibrils
Helps make up muscles and are made up of sarcomeres
35
Fascia refers to
Connective tissue
36
Organizes tissues into groups, surrounds each individual muscle, creates muscle bundles and surrounds every fiber
Fascia
37
What connects muscles to bones
Tendons formed by fascia
38
Fibrous coverings of bones in which tendons intertwine with.
The Periosteum
39
Combination of muscle tissue and its related connective tissue
Myofascial
40
The muscular system anchors
Lymph, Blood vessels, Nerves, Organs
41
Epimysium-covers muscle, Perimysium- splits into fibers, Endomysium- within fibers.
is the order of the fascia from ___ to _____
superficial to deep
42
Connects muscles to tendons, tendon to bones, bones to bones
Connective Tissue
43
Neuromuscular junction
The meeting point of the motor nerve and the muscle cell
44
Motor unit
The motor nerve and all the muscle fibers on controls
45
Changes chemical energy into mechanical energy
Muscle
46
Nerves impulse from brain/spinal cord to a motor neuron, to neurotransmitter which moves it to the neuromuscular junction.
how a Movement happens
47
Threshold stimulus
The minimum stimulus needed to make muscles contract
48
The amount of motor neurons recruited to give effort to muscle
Motor neuron rectruitment
49
Where does the muscles ATP production happen
Mitochondria
50
Hyper/Hypo- Tonic
Hypotonic has a lower concentration of fluid, sugars and salt than blood. Less tone in muscle. Hypertonic has a higher concentration of fluid, sugars and salt than blood. more tone in muscle.
51
Types of muscles that contain more Type 1 fibers
Postural
52
Types of muscles that contain more type 2 fibers
Phasic
53
Muscle Shape where fibers are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the muscles and terminate at either end in a flat tendon
Parallel shape
ex: Stylohyoid muscle
54
Shape similar to parallel but the belly of the muscle is wider and tapers towards the tendons
Fusiform
Ex: Bicep
55
Shape of muscle forming a circular pattern enclosing an opening
Circular
Ex: Orbicularis Occuli
56
Shape of muscle spread over a wide area and converge on a central tendon
Triangular
Ex: pectoral muscle
57
Unipennate shape of muscles
Fibers arranged on one side on tendon
Ex:
58
Bipennate
Fibers arranged on both sides of central tendon(feather like)
Ex: Rectus formis
59
Multipennate
Central tendon divdes into two or more branches of fibers.
Ex: Deltoids
60
Extensors of the toes found on lateral outer side of lower leg
Extensor Digitorum
61
Dorsal flexes the the ankle and inverts the foot
lateral side of the lower leg next to tibia
The Tibialis anterior
62
Plantar flexes the foot
Medial lower part lower leg
The soleus
63
Everts the foot
most Lateral side of the lower leg
Peroneous longus
64
Plantar flexes the foot and assists in knee flexion
Medial upper part of lower leg
Gatronemius
65
Draw the leg to the middle of the body and found in the upper leg medial
Adductors
66
Abductors draw the leg to the
Outwards from the middle of the body
67
The muscle that extends the knee what is found in the middle of the Quad
Rectus Femoris
68
Another muscle that extends the knee found on the lateral side of the quad muscle
Vastus Lateralis
69
Another muscle that extends the knee found on the medial side of the quad muscle
Vastus Medialis
70
4 muscles that make up the quad muscles
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius.
71
Muscle that flexes and laterally rotates the leg. Lays across the quad
Sartorius
72
Muscles that Flex the wrist and the hand
Found posterior/ anterior forearm
Flexors of the wrist and the hand
73
Muscle that turns the palm up and turns the palm down located right under elbow
Pronator
74
Muscle that strictly flexes the wrist
located posterior superior forearm
Flexor Carpi Radialis
75
Muscle that flexes the elbow found next to elbow on side of thumb
Brachioradialis
76
Muscle that is found on upper arm that flexes and supinates the forearm
Biceps Brachii
77
Muscle that draws the arm foward and down and is found on chest
Pectoralis Major
78
The muscle that tenses the abdominal wall
found outside of rectus abdominis
Transverse Abdominis
79
Muscle that is responsible for Flexion, Lateral flexion, and rotation of the trunk
Located on middle of sides of body outside of transverse abdominis
Internal oblique
80
Muscle that flexes the thorax and compresses viscera
Located above the internal oblique
The external oblique
81
Muscle that flexes the thorax and compresses viscera
Found medially on stomach
six pack
Rectus Abominis
82
Muscle that elevates ribs in respiration and stabilizes the scapula
Found superior and laterally in stomach
Serratus Anterior
83
Abducts and horizontally flexes the humerus
Deltoid
84
Assists in the extension of the head and and elevation and upward rotation of scapula
located next to ears on shoulders
Trapezius
85
Achilles
Connects the heel to the calf muscle
86
3 muscles that make up the hamstrings, flex the knee, and assist in extension of the hip
Bicep femoris(Dorsal lateral part of upper leg), Semitendinosus(Dorsal middle part of upper leg), Semimembranosus(Dorsal lateral part of upper leg)
87
Flexes the knee and plantar flexes the foot
Dorsal Medial superior part of lower leg
Gastrocnemius
88
Muscle on back lower leg that plantar flexes the foot on very Medial side
Soleus
89
Muscle on back of leg medial side that draws the leg towards the midline
Gracilis
90
Muscles that make up the glutes
Gluteus Medius the upper part Rotates the thigh, Gluteus Maximus the meaty middle part Rotates the thigh outward, Gluteus minimus the outer lateral part
91
Muscle that pulls your ribs outwards and opposes your diaphragm
next to spine lower back
the Posterior Serratus inferior
92
Muscle that draws the arm backward and downward, rotates arm inward. Found in middle of back
Latissimus Dorsi - Lats
93
Muscle that is the extension of the spine
Located below rhomboids above serratus inferior
Erector Spinae
94
Muscle that draws the scapula to the spine
Superior on back below the traps
Rhomboids
95
Muscle that extends the forearm
Opposes the bicep
Tricep
96
Lateral rotation of the humerus
On top of Teres Major next to deltoid
Teres Minor
97
Inward rotation, abduction, and extension of the humerus
Underneath the Teres minor, next to deltiod
Teres Major
98
Abducts and rotates the humerus
The deltoids
99
Muscle responsible for outward rotation and extension of arm
above the teres minor next to deltoid
The infraspinatus
100
Muscle that abducts the arm that is between directly beneath the traps
Supraspinatus
101
Muscle responsible for downward rotation of the scapula next to traps
Levator Scapulae
102
Muscle that draw the head back or rotates the head
on back of neck
Splenius Capitis
103
Muscle that rotates head backwards, rotates scapula up or down
next to ears.
Trapezius
104
Hypertrophy/ Atrophy
Muscles getting bigger, Muscles degenerating and getting smaller
105
The most common muscle dysfunction
Muscle spasms
106
Spasms that are sustained/ Spasms that alternate between contraction and relaxation
Tonic spasms/ Clonic spasms
107
Minimal tearing, some pain, no loss of function, no visible or palpable indications
Grade 1 muscle strain
108
Partial tear, 10%-50%, Considerable pain, some loss of function. Palpable thickening of muscle tissue
Grade 2 muscle strain
109
Severe tear, 50%-100%, palpable depression, severe pain, total loss of muscle function
Grade 3 muscle strain
110
Most strains occur in the muscle _____ or ______
Belly or junction between muscle + tendon
111
Acute phase of strain/ injury
time of injury to up to 72 hours
Massage is contraindicted
112
Inflammation of the tendon
massage in indicted in the subacute stage of healing to assist healing
Tendonitis
113
degenerative condition of tendon with no inflammation
Tendonosis
114
Chronic Autoimmune disease in the connective tissue of the body that causes blood vessel inflammation, organ dysfunction, and arthritis.
Lupus
115
Disease that is characterized by pain, fatigue, and stiffness in connective tissues of muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Often called chronic fatigue syndrome. more prevelant in woman
Fibromyalgia
116
the longest of all quad muscles
rectus femoris
117
The fibrous band that runs horizontally from the anterior fibula to the anterior tibia is the:
Superior extensor retinaculum
118
A large section of muscle fibers is known as a:
Fascicle
