muscular disorder Flashcards
name of disorder of muscles?
muscular dystrophy myotonias metabolic and endocrine myopathy inflammatory myopathy congenital myopathy toxic myopathy
definition of muscular dystrophy?
progressive degeneration of muscles without involvement of nervous system
features of muscular dystrophy?
symmetrical wasting and weakness
tendon reflexes preserved
no sensory loss
investigation?
EMG
muscle biopsy
serum cpk raised more than 40% in duchene
most common type of md?
duchene, X linked disorder affect protein dystrophin
at which age symptoms appeared in duchene?
symptoms appeared at 5, severe disabled at adoloscene and death by 20 years of age
clinical features of duchene?
initially difficulty in running and rising from floor gower signs present, pseudohypertrophy of calves msucles due to fatty infilteration
heart involved in later course
investigation in DD?
muscle biopsy show regeneration, fiber necrosis, and replacement by fat
treatment?
prednisolone 1.5g/ orally improve muscle strength for short term’
difference in baker’s dystrophy from duchene?
age of onset is 11 and death at 42
dystrophin is qualitatively altered
causes of metabolic and endocrine causes of muscle weakness?
hypo/hyperkalemia, hypo/hypercalcemia, hyper/hypothyroidism, hypo/hyperparathyroidism, cushing syndrome, addison’s disease
what is hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
autosomal dominant trait affect teenage after high carbohydrate diet late in night
features of HPP?
generalized weakness quadriparesis, speech and bulbar muscles also affected, serum potassium below 3/ mole/L
hyperkalemic PP ?
also autosomal dominant weakness start after exercise serum potassium raised treated with iv calcium gluconate or frusemide 20-40mg or glucose
causes of toxic myopathy?
thiazide, steriods, alcohol, diuretics,
