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Anatomy and physiology - Unit 1 > Muscular system > Flashcards

Muscular system Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a tendon?

A

A fibrous tissue that attaches a muscle to bone

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2
Q

What is an agonist?

A

A muscle responsible for creating movement at a joint

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3
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

A muscle that opposes the agonist providing resistance for coordinated movement

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4
Q

What is a fixator?

A

A muscle that stabilises one part of a body while another moves

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5
Q

What term is used to describe a pair of muscles that work together?

A

Antagonistic pair

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6
Q

What is an isotonic muscle contraction?

A

A muscle contraction where the muscle changes length during its contraction

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7
Q

Name the two types of isotonic muscle contraction?

A

Concentric
Eccentric

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8
Q

What is a concentric muscle contraction?

A

When a muscle shortens producing tension
This produces the force to pull two bones closer together causing joint movement

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9
Q

What is an eccentric muscle contraction?

A

When a muscle lengthens producing tension
This resists forces such as gravity to control joint movement

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10
Q

What is an isometric muscle contraction?

A

When a muscle contracts but does not change length
Posture is maintained by muscles isometrically contracting

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11
Q

What does DOMS stand for?

A

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

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12
Q

What is DOMS?

A

Pain and stiffness felt in the muscle which peaks 24-72 hours after exercise, associates with eccentric muscle contractions

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13
Q

Where can you find the tibialis anterior
What movement does it produce?

A

In the front of the shin
It dorsiflexes your foot

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14
Q

Where can you find the gastrocnemius?
What movement does it produce?

A

In the back of the lower leg (calf)
It plantarflexes the foot

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15
Q

What movements do the hamstrings produce?

A

Flexion of the knee

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16
Q

What movements do the quadriceps produce?

A

Extension of the knee

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17
Q

Where can you find the gluteus maximus?

A

The bottom

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18
Q

What movement does the gluteus maximum produce?

A

Extension (and hyperextension) of the hip

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19
Q

Where can you find the adductor muscles?

A

On the inside of the upper leg
From the pelvis to the femur

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20
Q

What movement do the adductor muscles produce?

A

Towards the midline of the body

Eg Adduction of the hip

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21
Q

Where can you find the deltoid muscle?

A

In the shoulder

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22
Q

What movement does the deltoid produce?

A

Abduction of the shoulder

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23
Q

Where is the latissimus dorsi?

A

Sides of the back

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24
Q

What movement does the latissimus dorsi produce?

A

Adduction of the arm (shoulder joint)

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25
Which muscle creates dorsi flexion at the ankle?
Tibialis anterior
26
Which muscle creates plantar flexion at the ankle?
Gastrocnemius
27
Which muscles brings about flexion at the knee?
Hamstrings
28
Which muscles brings about extension at the knee?
Quadriceps
29
Which muscle brings about extension at the hip?
Gluteus maximus
30
Which muscle abducts the shoulder
Deltoid
31
Which muscle brings about adduction at the shoulder joint?
Latissimus dorsi
32
What movement do the biceps produce?
Flexion of the elbow
33
What movement do the triceps produce?
Extension of the elbow
34
Which muscle creates flexion at the elbow when it contracts concentrically?
Biceps
35
Which muscle creates extension at the elbow when it contracts concentrically?
Triceps
36
Name 1 core muscles that is particularly important to stabilise the spine
Abdominals
37
Which muscle flexes the trunk?
Abdominals
38
Give 2 examples of muscles that work together to create antagonistic pairs
biceps and triceps quadriceps and hamstring
39
Which muscle extends the knee?
quadriceps
40
Which muscle flexes the knee?
hamstrings
41
Which muscle extends the elbow
triceps
42
Which muscle flexes the elbow
biceps
43
When performing the upwards phase of a bicep curl, which muscle is the agonist?
biceps
44
When performing the downwards phase of a bicep curl, which muscle is the antagonist?
tricep
45
When extending your knee to kick a ball, which muscle is the agonist?
quadricep
46
When extending your knee to kick a ball, which muscle is the antagonist?
hamstrings
47
When straightening your elbow to throw a javelin, which muscle is the agonist?
triceps
48
When straightening your elbow to throw a javelin, which muscle is the antagonist?
biceps
49
When flexing your knee to perform a squat, which muscle is the agonist?
hamstrings
50
When flexing your knee to perform a squat, which muscle is the antagonist?
quadriceps
51
What is the correct term for bending?
flexion
52
What is the correct term for straightening?
extension
53
What term means that you shorten the angle at a joint?
flexion
54
Which term means that you increase the angle at a joint?
extension
55
Which term means that you take a limb away from the midline of a body?
abduction
56
Which term means that you bring a limb towards the midline of the body?
adduction
57
Which muscle can be found in your upper back and neck?
trapezius
58
Which muscle is found in your shoulders?
deltoids
59
Which muscle is found at the front of your upper arm?
biceps
60
Which muscle is found at the back of your upper arm?
triceps
61
Which muscle is found in the sides of your lower back?
latissimus dorsi
62
Which muscle is found in your stomach?
abdominals
63
Which muscle is found in your bottom?
gluteals / gluteus maximus
64
Which muscle is found in the front of your thigh?
quadriceps
65
Which muscle is found in the back of your thigh?
hamstrings
66
Which muscle is found in your calf?
gastrocnemius
67
Which muscles are found in your chest?
pectorals
68
What builds up in your muscles during high intensity exercise that can cause muscle fatigue?
lactic acid
69
What term is used to describe how muscles get bigger and stronger after weeks of training?
hypertrophy
70
What are the short term effects of exercise on your muscles?
they fatigue (get tired), they ache, lactic acid builds up
71
What are the long term effects of exercise no your muscles?
they get bigger and stronger (hypertrophy)
72
What are the qualities of type 1 muscle fibers?
Type 1 are slow twitch They contract slowly They contract with less force They are the most resistant to fatigue They are suited to longer duration, aerobic activities They have a rich blood supply They contain many mitochondria (site for aerobic respiration) They have a high capacity for aerobic respiration
73
What are the qualities of 2a muscle fibers?
They are known as fast twitch fibres/fast-oxidative fibres They are able to produce a great force when contracting They are resistant to fatigue They fatigue faster than type 1 fibres They use oxygen They are suited to speed, power and strength activities
74
What are the qualities of 2x muscle fibers?
They are known as fast twitch fibres/fast-glycolytic fibres They produce the greatest force when contracting They contract rapidly They least resistant to fatigue (fatigue the quickest) They are suited to anaerobic activities They depend upon anaerobic respiration Recruited for high intensity/short duration activities
75
What is the all or nothing law?
Once activated, all the muscles fibres within the motor unit contract. If the impulse is not strong enough to activate the motor unit, then none of the muscles contract.
76
What is the process called when your body loses muscles mass due to age?
Sarcopenia
77
What type of joint does adduction and abduction occur at?
Ball and socket

Anatomy and physiology - Unit 1 (4 decks)

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