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Anatomy and physiology - Unit 1 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 sections of the spine?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx

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2
Q

What is the name given to the shaft of a long bone?

A

Diaphysis

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3
Q

What is the name given to the ends of a long bone?

A

Epiphysis

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4
Q

What sesamoid bone is in the skeleton?

A

Patella

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5
Q

Name two short bones

A

Carpals
Tarsals

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6
Q

What cell removes excess calcium?

A

Osteoclasts

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7
Q

How many individual vertebrae make up the cervical section?

A

7

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8
Q

How many individual vertebrae make up the lumbar section?

A

5

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9
Q

How many individual vertebrae make up the coccyx section?

A

4

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10
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

Support
Protection
Attachment for skeletal muscle
Source of blood cell protection
Store of minerals
Leverage
Weight bearing
Reduction friction across a joint

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11
Q

How does the skeletal system support the body?

A

Bones give you shape and provide the supporting framework for the soft tissue of your body

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12
Q

How does the skeletal system protect the body?

A

Bones surround and protect vital organs

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13
Q

How does the skeletal system provide attachment for the body?

A

Provides a surface for muscle attachment

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14
Q

How does the skeletal system provide a source of blood cell production for the body?

A

Blood vessels feed the centre of your bone, and stored within is bone marrow. This continually produces red and white blood cells

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15
Q

How does the skeletal system provide a store of minerals for the body?

A

Bones hold minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, essential for bone growth and health. These minerals are released into the blood

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16
Q

How does the skeletal system provide leverage for the body?

A

The bones provide a lever system against which muscles contract, and pull (via tendons) to create movement.

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17
Q

Explain how the skeletal system is weight bearing?

A

Bones are strong to support your weight, large forces are applied to your body and your skeleton is strong to prevent injury

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18
Q

How does the skeletal system reducing friction across a point for the body?

A

Synovial joints (synovial fluid)

19
Q

What are the 5 different types of bones?

A

long, short, sesamoid, irregular, flat

20
Q

What type of bone reduces friction?

A

Sesamoid

21
Q

What type of bones stores minerals and produces blood cells?

A

Long bones

22
Q

What type of bones are weight bearing?

A

Short bones

23
Q

Name a fixed joint?

A

The cranium
(fibrous/immovable)

24
Q

Where is the condyloid joint?

A

wrist

25
Q

What are the movements of the condyloid joint?

A

forward, backward, side to side

26
Q

Name 14 types of movement at synovial joints?

A

Flexion
Extension
Dorsiflexion
Plantar-flexion
Lateral flexion
Horizontal flexion
Horizontal extension
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
Horizontal abduction
Horizontal adduction
Circumduction
Rotation

27
Q

What are 3 additional factors for the skeletal system?

A

Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Age

28
Q

What is arthritis?

A

Arthritis is a condition where there is inflammation in a synovial joint.

Caused by general wear and tear over time, reducing the normal amount of cartilage. Bones therefore rub together.

This inflammation causes pain and stiffness

29
Q

What helps to prevent arthritis?

A

Excersise

30
Q

What are the 3 functions of a synovial joint?

A

Provides lubrication for a joint

Increases the nutrients the joint

Increase range of motion

31
Q

What is oteoprosis?

A

The weakening of bones caused by a loss in calcium, or a lack of vitamin D. As you get older, your bones lose their mineral density and naturally become brittle, fragile and more likely to break under stress.

32
Q

What effect does excersise have on osteoprosis?

A

Exercise can help prevent osteoporosis by increasing the uptake of minerals within the bone - resulting in an increase in bone mineral density.

33
Q

Why is age an additional factor of the skeletal system?

A

resistance training (weight training) at a young age.

As bones are still growing, the forces applied through the bone damage the epiphyseal heads. Damage to these plates during childhood and puberty results in stunted bone growth.

34
Q

What are the adaptations of the skeletal system?

A
  • Increased bone strength
  • Increased ligament strength
35
Q

What is the response of the skeletal system?

A

Stimulated increase of mineral uptake in bones due to weight bearing exercise

36
Q

What are the 2 types of postural Deviation?

A

Kyphosis: excessive curvature of thoracic spine

Scoliosis: excessive curvature of lumbar spine

37
Q

Name the bones that make up the axial skeleton (4)

A
  • Cranium
  • Sternum
  • Ribs
  • Vertebral Column
38
Q

What is the process of bone growth?

A

Bone ossification

The ends of each bone (epiphysis) contain growing areas. It is these epiphyseal plates that allow a long bone to extend. Once a long bone is fully formed, the ends the bone fuses with the shaft (diaphysis)

39
Q

What are the different anatomical positions? (8)

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Medial
  • Lateral
  • Proximal
  • Distal
  • Superior
  • Inferior
40
Q

What are the functions of the vertebral column? (5)

A
  • To protect the spinal chord
  • To support rib cage (thoracic)
  • Support body weight (lumbar)
  • Attachment for skeletal muscle
  • Intervertebral discs receive and distribute impact (reducing shock)
41
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Cells that remove excess calcium

42
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Cells that bring calcium to the bone

43
Q

Describe osteoblast activity when we excersise

A

Increases activity > forming stronger bones > reducing risk of osteoporosis

Anatomy and physiology - Unit 1 (4 decks)

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