Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the 5 sections of the spine?

Answer 1

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx

Question 2

What is the name given to the shaft of a long bone?

Answer 2

Diaphysis

Question 3

What is the name given to the ends of a long bone?

Answer 3

Epiphysis

Question 4

What sesamoid bone is in the skeleton?

Answer 4

Patella

Question 5

Name two short bones

Answer 5

Carpals
Tarsals

Question 6

What cell removes excess calcium?

Answer 6

Osteoclasts

Question 7

How many individual vertebrae make up the cervical section?

Answer 7

7

Question 8

How many individual vertebrae make up the lumbar section?

Answer 8

5

Question 9

How many individual vertebrae make up the coccyx section?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 10

Support
Protection
Attachment for skeletal muscle
Source of blood cell protection
Store of minerals
Leverage
Weight bearing
Reduction friction across a joint

Question 11

How does the skeletal system support the body?

Answer 11

Bones give you shape and provide the supporting framework for the soft tissue of your body

Question 12

How does the skeletal system protect the body?

Answer 12

Bones surround and protect vital organs

Question 13

How does the skeletal system provide attachment for the body?

Answer 13

Provides a surface for muscle attachment

Question 14

How does the skeletal system provide a source of blood cell production for the body?

Answer 14

Blood vessels feed the centre of your bone, and stored within is bone marrow. This continually produces red and white blood cells

Question 15

How does the skeletal system provide a store of minerals for the body?

Answer 15

Bones hold minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, essential for bone growth and health. These minerals are released into the blood

Question 16

How does the skeletal system provide leverage for the body?

Answer 16

The bones provide a lever system against which muscles contract, and pull (via tendons) to create movement.

Question 17

Explain how the skeletal system is weight bearing?

Answer 17

Bones are strong to support your weight, large forces are applied to your body and your skeleton is strong to prevent injury

Question 18

How does the skeletal system reducing friction across a point for the body?

Answer 18

Synovial joints (synovial fluid)

Question 19

What are the 5 different types of bones?

Answer 19

long, short, sesamoid, irregular, flat

Question 20

What type of bone reduces friction?

Answer 20

Sesamoid

Question 21

What type of bones stores minerals and produces blood cells?

Answer 21

Long bones

Question 22

What type of bones are weight bearing?

Answer 22

Short bones

Question 23

Name a fixed joint?

Answer 23

The cranium
(fibrous/immovable)

Question 24

Where is the condyloid joint?

Answer 24

wrist

Question 25

What are the movements of the condyloid joint?

Answer 25

forward, backward, side to side

Question 26

Name 14 types of movement at synovial joints?

Answer 26

Flexion Extension Dorsiflexion Plantar-flexion Lateral flexion Horizontal flexion Horizontal extension Hyperextension Abduction Adduction Horizontal abduction Horizontal adduction Circumduction Rotation

Question 27

What are 3 additional factors for the skeletal system?

Answer 27

Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Age

Question 28

What is arthritis?

Answer 28

Arthritis is a condition where there is inflammation in a synovial joint. Caused by general wear and tear over time, reducing the normal amount of cartilage. Bones therefore rub together. This inflammation causes pain and stiffness

Question 29

What helps to prevent arthritis?

Answer 29

Excersise

Question 30

What are the 3 functions of a synovial joint?

Answer 30

Provides lubrication for a joint Increases the nutrients the joint Increase range of motion

Question 31

What is oteoprosis?

Answer 31

The weakening of bones caused by a loss in calcium, or a lack of vitamin D. As you get older, your bones lose their mineral density and naturally become brittle, fragile and more likely to break under stress.

Question 32

What effect does excersise have on osteoprosis?

Answer 32

Exercise can help prevent osteoporosis by increasing the uptake of minerals within the bone - resulting in an increase in bone mineral density.

Question 33

Why is age an additional factor of the skeletal system?

Answer 33

resistance training (weight training) at a young age. As bones are still growing, the forces applied through the bone damage the epiphyseal heads. Damage to these plates during childhood and puberty results in stunted bone growth.

Question 34

What are the adaptations of the skeletal system?

Answer 34

- Increased bone strength - Increased ligament strength

Question 35

What is the response of the skeletal system?

Answer 35

Stimulated increase of mineral uptake in bones due to weight bearing exercise

Question 36

What are the 2 types of postural Deviation?

Answer 36

Kyphosis: excessive curvature of thoracic spine Scoliosis: excessive curvature of lumbar spine

Question 37

Name the bones that make up the axial skeleton (4)

Answer 37

- Cranium - Sternum - Ribs - Vertebral Column

Question 38

What is the process of bone growth?

Answer 38

Bone ossification The ends of each bone (epiphysis) contain growing areas. It is these epiphyseal plates that allow a long bone to extend. Once a long bone is fully formed, the ends the bone fuses with the shaft (diaphysis)

Question 39

What are the different anatomical positions? (8)

Answer 39

- Anterior - Posterior - Medial - Lateral - Proximal - Distal - Superior - Inferior

Question 40

What are the functions of the vertebral column? (5)

Answer 40

- To protect the spinal chord - To support rib cage (thoracic) - Support body weight (lumbar) - Attachment for skeletal muscle - Intervertebral discs receive and distribute impact (reducing shock)

Question 41

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 41

Cells that remove excess calcium

Question 42

What are osteoblasts?

Answer 42

Cells that bring calcium to the bone

Question 43

Describe osteoblast activity when we excersise

Answer 43

Increases activity > forming stronger bones > reducing risk of osteoporosis