Respiratory system

Question 1

How does the diaphragm move when we inspire?

Answer 1

It moves down/flattens

Question 2

How does the diaphragm move when we expire?

Answer 2

It bulges

Question 3

The alveoli are the ‘site’ for what process?

Answer 3

Gas exchange from the lungs to the capillaries

Question 4

What flap of cartilage closes over the trachea when swallowing?

Answer 4

Epiglottis

Question 5

Provide the characteristics of the alveoli.

Answer 5

• Large surface area
• good blood supply
• large in amount
• Short diffusion pathway - one cell thick - Semi permeable

Question 6

How do the internal intercostals move the ribs?

Answer 6

Down and in

Question 7

How do the external intercostals move the ribs?

Answer 7

Up and out

Question 8

What is the process of breathing also known as?

Answer 8

pulmonary ventilation

Question 9

What are lung volume graphs called?

Answer 9

spirometer trace

Question 10

What is tidal volume?

Answer 10

The volume of air breathed in and out per breath

Question 11

What is the average tidal volume for men?

Answer 11

0.5L at rest - 3L during exercise

Question 12

What is the average tidal volume for women?

Answer 12

5.0L

Question 13

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 13

The additional volume of air that can be forcibly inhaled after inspiration of normal tidal volume

Question 14

What is the IRV for men?

Answer 14

3L

Question 15

What is the IRV for women?

Answer 15

1.9L

Question 16

What is the expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 16

The additional volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after expiration of normal tidal volume

Question 17

What is the ERV for men?

Answer 17

1.5L

Question 18

What is the ERV for women?

Answer 18

0.7L

Question 19

What is the residual volume?

Answer 19

The volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration

Question 20

What is the vital capacity?

Answer 20

The maximum amount of air that can be breathed out after breathing in as much air as possible

Question 21

What is the total lung volume?

Answer 21

Your total lung capacity after you have inhaled as deeply as you can

Question 22

Where is breathing controlled?

Answer 22

Respiratory centers in the brain

Question 23

What are the two ways breathing is controlled?

Answer 23

Neural and chemical

Question 24

Is inspiration an active or passive process?

Answer 24

Active

Question 25

Is expiration an active or passive process?

Answer 25

Passive

Question 26

Respiration is not possible without the presence of what brain related function?

Answer 26

Neurons

Question 27

Where do neurones exist?

Answer 27

Two areas of the medulla oblongata

Question 28

What are the two areas of the medulla oblongata known as?

Answer 28

Dorsal respiratory group (DRG) Ventral respiratory group (VRG)

Question 29

What are the groups in the medulla oblongata responsible for?

Answer 29

responsible for rhythmic generation; allowing rhythm and continuous breathing

Question 30

What is the role of the chemoreceptors?

Answer 30

detect changes in blood carbon dioxide levels as well as changes in blood acidity

Question 31

What are the responses of the respiratory system?

Answer 31

Increase breathing rate and increase tidal volume due to increased depth of breathing

Question 32

How many times does minute ventilation increase during exercise?

Answer 32

Up to 15 times

Question 33

What is the name given to breathing rate rising before exercise?

Answer 33

Anticipatory rise

Question 34

What hormone is responsible for anticipatory rise?

Answer 34

Adrenaline

Question 35

What is the term for the volume of air in the lungs in 60s?

Answer 35

Pulmonary ventilation

Question 36

Where can the chemoreceptors be found?

Answer 36

Aortic arch Carotid artery