Muscular System

Question 1

What are the three muscle types?

Answer 1

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Question 2

What type of muscle is considered the “common muscle”?

Answer 2

Skeletal muscle

Question 3

What type of skeletal muscles cause the “skin twitch” and have little to no attachment to bone

Answer 3

cutaneous muscles

Question 4

What is the origin of a muscle?

Answer 4

The fixed, proximal end of a muscle

Question 5

What is the distal. moveable end of a muscle?

Answer 5

Insertion

Question 6

An ________ is a muscle that directly produces a desired movement.

Answer 6

Agonist

Question 7

What is an antagonist?

Answer 7

It directly opposes the movement of the agonist muscle.

Question 8

A _________ is made up of __________, which are made up of protein filaments (__________ and _________)

Answer 8

Muscle fiber; muscle myofibrils; actin; myosin

Question 9

Skeletal muscle cells are….

Answer 9

Striated

Question 10

Make sure you drink water

Answer 10

Hold your horses ;)

Question 11

What is the endomysium?

Answer 11

CT around individual muscle fibers

Question 12

What type of connective tissue is found around a bundle of muscle fibers?

Answer 12

Perimysium

Question 13

What are the functions of the epimysium?

Answer 13

1. Dense CT sheet covering a whole muscle
2. Delineates muscles from each other and adjacent tissues
   (NOTE) This is the white “film” you think of on top of muscles

Question 14

What is a fascicle?

Answer 14

A small bundle of skeletal muscle fibers within a specific muscle.

Question 15

Skeletal muscle cells are/have:
A. multinucleated
B. Intercalated discs
C. single nucleated

Answer 15

A. Multinucleated

Question 16

What is a sarcolemma?

Answer 16

A thin, translucent sheet of muscle cell membrane that surrounds each myofibril.

Question 17

What are myofilaments made up of?

Answer 17

Actin and myosin

Question 18

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 18

Equivalent to the ER of other cells and stores Ca

Question 19

What extends inwards from the sarcolemma to help carry nerve impulses into the cell?

Answer 19

T tubules

Question 20

Answer 20

I don’t remember what memes I’ve put on here anymore

Question 21

What is a gap junction?

Answer 21

A gap junction connects muscle cells while allowing electrical impulses to flow rapidly and ensure synchronized contraction.

Question 22

Smooth muscle is __________ of fine movement.

Answer 22

not capable

Question 23

What source of energy is used only if absolutely necessary?

Answer 23

Fatty acids

Question 24

What principle is similar between muscle contraction and neuron action potentials?

Answer 24

The “All or nothing principle”

Question 25

How can you differentiate between the contractile proteins actin and myosin?

Answer 25

Actin is thin and myosin is thick

Question 26

Where do actin and myosin come into contact and pull z lines together?

Answer 26

Crossbridges

Question 27

What is the sliding filament theory?

Answer 27

When skeletal muscles contract, the thin parts of the sarcomere (actin), move toward each other. This happens when calcium ions are released from a nerve impulse.

Question 28

Explain muscle contraction.

Answer 28

Troponin units on actin bind to calcium ions, displacing the troponin and exposing the myosin binding sites. Myosin heads then release a phosphate and bind to the site. Then they glide past each other with the movement of the myosin heads, which lose their ADP. This gliding stops when ATP binds to the heads, severing actin from myosin, and breaking into ADP and a phosphate, ready to start again.

Question 29

What is a type of abnormal contraction?

Answer 29

Tetanus

Question 30

Answer 30

Not with this class :(

Question 31

What are the different types of muscle contractions?

Answer 31

Concentric, eccentric, isometric, and isotonic

Question 32

What type of muscle contraction is the shortening or flexion of a muscle?

Answer 32

Concentric

Question 33

What are isometric muscle contractions?

Answer 33

the muscle stays the same length, and the tension changes.

Question 34

What is it called when a muscles length changes, but not the tension?

Answer 34

Isotonic muscle contraction

Question 35

Describe hypertrophy.

Answer 35

Enlargement by increase in cell size

Question 36

What is the difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia?

Answer 36

Hyperplasia is enlargement by increase in number of muscle fibers, hypertrophy is enlargement by increase in cell size

Question 37

What is the term use when a muscle falls into disuse?

Answer 37

Atrophy

Question 38

What are slow twitch fibers?

Answer 38

Type 1, aerobic

Question 39

Type 2 fibers are _______ and _____ twitch fibers.

Answer 39

anaerobic; fast

Question 40

Fast twitch fibers are useful for ____ while slow twitch are useful for_________.

Answer 40

Sprinting; long distance running

Question 41

Where is the location of the nervous and muscular system joining?

Answer 41

Neuromuscular junction

Question 42

What is a unique characteristic of cardiac muscle? (Think: Histology)

Answer 42

Intercalated discs

Question 43

What is the connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and allows for movement of the skeletal system (locomotion)?

Answer 43

Tendons

Question 44

What part of the sarcomere "disappears" once contraction has been achieved?

Answer 44

H band

Question 45

Is muscle contraction an active or passive process?

Answer 45

Active

Question 46

What type of synapse delivers acetylcholine to a skeletal muscle fiber?

Answer 46

Chemical

Question 47

Answer 47

Fml