Skeletal System

Question 1

What are bones made of?

Answer 1

Calcium salts (structure) and collagen fibers

Question 2

Can bone be broken down into minerals?

Answer 2

Yes, but only in dire circumstances

Question 3

What are the functions of bone?

Answer 3

Structure, protection, leverage (locomotion), and storage of minerals

Question 4

What are the top/bottom of bones called?

Answer 4

Proximal/distal epiphysis

Question 5

What separated the epiphysis and diaphysis?

Answer 5

Epiphysial cartilage

Question 6

What bone cells are there?

Answer 6

Osteocyte, osteoblast, osteoclast, and osteoprogenitor cell

Question 7

What is the precursor to osteoblasts?

Answer 7

Osteoprogenitor cell

Question 8

What is an osteocyte?

Answer 8

A mature bone cell found in lacunae. Derived from osteoblasts

Question 9

What is a diaphysis?

Answer 9

The middle/main body of a bone.

Question 10

Answer 10

Bet I scared the shit out of you

Question 11

What is an osteoblast?

Answer 11

The most immature bone cell, secretes collagen and ground substance (unmineralized)

Question 12

What bone cell breaks down or resorbs other bone cells?

Answer 12

Osteoclast

Question 13

What is a cancellous bone?

Answer 13

Spongy bone, it helps reduce the weight of bones with air pockets.

Question 14

Where can you find compact bone?

Answer 14

The shaft of long bones and outside all bones.

Question 15

Other than weight, what is a function of spongy bone?

Answer 15

It prevents damage by force

Question 16

What is a haversian canal?

Answer 16

Haversian canals allow blood to enter the bone.

Question 17

What fills the spaces between bones?

Answer 17

Bone marrow

Question 18

How is yellow bone marrow different from red bone marrow?

Answer 18

Yellow blood marrow does not produce blood cells, and are made primarily of fat. They can turn into red blood cells if needed.

Question 19

What cartilage is commonly known as growth plates?

Answer 19

Epiphysial cartilage

Question 20

Uh oh!

Answer 20

Dun dun dunnn…..

Question 21

The degradation of which cartilage causes arthritis?

Answer 21

Articular cartilage

Question 22

How much (fraction) of a mature bone are organic components (glycosaminoglycans and collagen fibers)

Answer 22

1/3

Question 23

2/3 of a mature bone is made up of?

Answer 23

Calcium and phosphorus salts/hydroxyapatite crystals (80%), and calcium carbonate and Mg P (20%)

Question 24

T/F Ossification refers to the creation of bone using soft collagen fibers in gelatinous ground substance.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

T/F Calcification is the finishing of bone using calcium and Magnesium.

Answer 25

False; calcification is the finishing of bone using calcium and phosphorus.

Question 26

Heteroplastic, intramembranous, and endochondral are all different types of?

Answer 26

Ossification.

Question 27

What is heteroplastic ossification?

Answer 27

The calcification of tissue other than bone

Question 28

What type of ossification creates flat bones from fibrous membranes?

Answer 28

Intramembranous ossification

Question 29

What is endochondral ossification?

Answer 29

Bone development from replacing hyaline cartilage

Question 30

El gato

Answer 30

Nothing, just el gato

Question 31

What type of ossification is this?

Answer 31

Intramembranous

Question 32

This is an example of what type of ossification?

Answer 32

Endochondral

Question 33

T/F Growth is not simply an increase in thickness. Appositional growth and bone resorption are occurring simultaneously.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

The front and hind limbs and their respective shoulder and pelvic girdles are part of the:

Answer 34

Appendicular skeleton

Question 35

Which bones compose the axial skeleton

Answer 35

Skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum

Question 36

T/F The cylindrical shaft of a long bone is known as the epiphysis.

Answer 36

False. The cylindrical shaft is the diaphysis, the epiphysis is the bulbous end.

Question 37

_________________________ cells synthesize and secrete the organic substances of bone.

Answer 37

Osteoblast

Question 38

T/F Most long bones develop by endochondral ossification.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

T/F Remodeling of bone does not involve osteoclastic activity.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

Bone cells that represent transformed osteoblasts, communicate with each other by gap junctions in canaliculae, and maintain bone matrix are:

Answer 40

Osteocytes

Question 41

Where would a gomphosis joint be found?

Answer 41

Teeth in jaw

Question 42

What characteristic is unique to diarthroses joints?

Answer 42

They contain a bursa

Question 43

What bones come together to create the coxofemoral joint?

Answer 43

Pelvis and femur

Question 44

What type of movement would best be described as flexion?

Answer 44

A horse picking its front leg to walk

Question 45

Which of the following joints allows for jaw movement?

Answer 45

Temromandibular

Question 46

Hörse

Answer 46