Muscular System Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
Function of the Muscular System?
A
MMSPRCC
Movement
Maintain Posture
Stabilize Joints
Production of body heat
Respiration and heartbeat
Communication
Contraction of organs and vessels
2
Q
Properties of Muscle
A
Contractibility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity
3
Q
Ability of muscle to shorten forcefully, or contract
A
Contractibility
4
Q
Capacity of Muscle to respond to a stimulus
A
Excitability
5
Q
Ability to be stretched beyond it normal resting length and still be able to contract
A
Extensibility
6
Q
Ability of the muscle to recoil to its original resting length after it has been stretched
A
Elasticity
7
Q
Types of Muscles
A
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
8
Q
Attached to Bone
Striated
Voluntarily controlled
A
Skeletal
9
Q
Located in the heart
Striated
Involuntarily Controlled
A
Cardiac
10
Q
Located in the blood vessels, hollow organs
Non-striated visceral
Involuntarily controlled
A
Smooth
11
Q
Also known as Striated Muscle
A
Skeletal Muscle
12
Q
It can be seen in the muscle under microscope
A
Transverse Band or Striation
13
Q
Example of Skeletal Muscle that are complete organ
A
Biceps Brachii
14
Q
Each Skeletal M. is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath
A
Epimysium
15
Q
Group of Muscle cells
A
Fascicles
16
Q
Connective Tissue covering of Fascicles
A
Perimysium
17
Q
Muscle fiber/cell is surrounded by a connective tissue covering
A
Endomysium
18
Q
Single cylindrical cells with several nuclei located at its periphery
A
Muscle Fiber
19
Q
Sarcolemma has many tubelike inward folds
A
T-tubules/ Transverse Tubules
20
Q
T-tubules connect the sarcolemma to the terminal cisternae to form
A
Muscle Triad
21
Q
Cytoplasm of muscle fiber
A
Sarcoplasm
22
Q
Bundles of protein filaments
A
Myofibrils
23
Q
Kinds of Myofibrils
A
Myofilament
Actin
Myosin
24
Q
Thick/Thin Filament
Dark/ Light Band
A
Thick- myosin molecules- Dark Band/ A band
Thin-actin molecules- Light band/ I band
25
Basic structural and functional unit of a skeletal
muscle because it is the smallest portion of a skeletal muscle capable of
contracting.
Sarcomere
26
3 Components of Actin Myofilament
Actin
Troponin
Tropomyosin
27
Resemble bundles of tiny golf clubs
Myosin Filament
28
What does myosin head have
ATP binding site
29
The electrical charge difference across the cell membrane of an
unstimulated cell
Resting Membrane Potential
30
The resting membrane potential is due to the inside of the membrane being?
Negatively Charged
31
Due to the membranes having gated channels
Action Potential
32
The resting membrane potential exist because of
Concentration of K being higher on the inside of the cell membrane
Concentration of Na being higher on the outside
33
The presence of negatively charged molecules such as protein causes RMP exists?
True
34
The presence of leak protein channels that are more permeable to K than Na
True
35
How to initiate a muscle contraction
RMP must be changed to an action potential when gated cell membrane channels open
36
The entry of NA causes the inside of the cell membrane to become more positive than when RMB
T
37
Increase in positive charge
Depolarization
38
How AP is triggered
If the depolarization changes the membrane potential to a value of treshold
39
Rapid change in charge across the cell membrane
Action Potential
40
What happened when the gated K channels are open
Repolarization
41
Repolarization is due to the exit of K from the cell
T
42
Outward diffusion of K turns the cell to its resting membrane condition
T
43
Action Potential results in
Muscle Contraction
44
A nerve cell stimulates muscle cells
Motor Neuron
45
Fiber of a nerve
connects with a muscle fiber
Neuromuscular junction
46
Cell-to-cell junction between a nerve cell to a nerve cell
Synapse
47
End of neuron cell axon fiber
Presynaptic terminal
48
Space between presynaptic terminal
Synaptic Cleft
49
Muscle fiber membrane
Postsynaptic Membrane
50
Vesicles in the presynaptic
Synaptic Vesicles
51
Chemicals stimulate or inhibits postsynaptic cells
Neurotransmitter
52
Neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle
Acetylcholine
53
Two types of muscle contractions
Isometric and Isotonic.
54
Increase in muscle tension, but no change in length
Isometric contraction
55
Change in muscle length with no change in tension.
Isotonic contraction
56
Isotonic contractions in which muscle tension increases as
the muscle shortens
Concentric contractions
57
Isotonic contractions in which tension is maintained in a
muscle, but the opposing resistance causes the muscle to lengthen
Eccentric contractions
58
Constant tension produced by body muscles over long
periods of time.
Muscle tone
59
-non-striated small, spindle-shaped muscle cells, usually with one nucleus per cell.
-The myofilaments are not organized into sarcomeres.
-The controlled involuntarily
-Neurotransmitter substances, hormones, and other substances can
stimulate smooth muscle
Smooth Muscle
60
-long, striated, and branching, with usually only one nucleus per cell.
-contraction is autorhythmic.
-Cells are connected to one another by specialized structures
that include desmosomes and gap junctions called intercalated disks.
Cardiac Muscle
61
Connects Skeletal muscle to bone
Tendon
62
Broad, sheetlike tendons
Aponeuroses
63
Bands of connective tissue that holds down the tendon at each wrist and ankle
Retinaculum
64
Attachment at the least mobile location
Origin
65
End of the muscles attached to the bone undergoing the greatest movement
Insertion
66
Between the origin and insertion
Belly
67
Group of muscles working together
Agonist
68
Group of muscles oppose muscle actions
Antagonist
69
Muscles of Mastication
Temporalis
Masseter
Pterygoids (Medial and Lateral)
Buccinator
70
Prime Mover of jaw closure (Trigeminal Nerve)
Masseter
71
Closes Jaw (Trigeminal Nerve)
Temporalis
72
Acts with lateral Pterygoid muscle to protract the mandible and promote side-to-side grinding movement (Trigeminal Nerve)
Medial Pterygoid
73
Provide side to side grinding movement and protracts mandible (Trigeminal Nerve)
Lateral Pterygoid
74
Compresses the cheek-- keeps food between (Facial Nerve)
Buccinator
75
Smile Facial Expression
Zygomaticus Major
76
Pucker
Orbicularis Oris
76
Pout
Mentalis
76
Raised Eyebrow/ Wrinkled Forehead
Frontal Belly of Epicranius
76
Angry Eyebrows
Corrugator Supercilii
76
Blink
Orbicularis Oculi
77
Tense Neck
Platysma
77
Tongue and Swallowing Muscles
Suprahyoid Muscles
Infrahyoid Muscles
Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles
78
Suprahyoid Muscles
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
79
Open mouth and depress mandible
Digastric
80
Elevates and retracts hyoid
Stylohyoid
81
Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth
Mylohyoid
82
Elevates and protracts hyoid
Geniohyoid
83
Infrahyoid Muscles
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
84
Depress larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is fixed
Sternohyoid
85
Depress larynx and hyoid bone
Sternothyroid
86
Depresses and retracts hyoid bone
Omohyoid
87
Depresses hyoid bones or elevates larynx
Thyrohyoid
88
Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles
Superior, Middle and Inferior Pharyngeal constrictor Muscle
89
Constrict pharynx during swallowing
^^
90
Anterolateral Neck Muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
91
Flexes and laterally rotates the head
Sternocleidomastoid
92
Elevates first two ribs
Scalenes
93
Intrinsic Muscles of the Back
Splenius
94
Extend or hyperextend heads
Splenius
95
Prime mover of back extension
Erector Spinae
96
3 Erector Spinae
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
97
Thoracis Muscle
External Intercostals
Internal Intercostals
Diaphragm
98
Elevates ribs for inspiration
External Intercostals
99
Depress ribs during forced expiration
Internal Intercostals
100
Move during quiet breathing
Prime mover of inspiration
Diaphragm
101
Abdominal Wall Muscles
Rectus Abdominis
External Abdominal Oblique
Internal Abdominal Oblique
Transverse Abdominis
102
Center of Abdomen
Compresses Abdomen
Rectus Abdominis
103
Side of abdomen
External Abdominal Oblique
104
Prime mover of arm abduction
Deltoid
105
Prime mover of arm extension
Latissimus dorsi
106
Rotate arm medially
Subscapularis
107
Powerful forearm extensor
Triceps brachii
108
Prime mover of forearm pronation
Pronator Quadratus
109
Prime mover of finger extension
Extensor digitorum
109
Prime mover for flexing thigh
Iliacus (Iliopsoas)
109
Thumbs Muscle
Abductor Pollicis brevis (Abducts thumb)
Flexor Pollicis Brevis (Flexes Thumb)
Opponens Pollicis (Opposition)
Adductor Pollicis (Adducts thumb)
110
Little Finger Muscle
Abductor digiti minimi (Abducts)
Flexor digiti minimi (Flexes)
Oppones digiti minimi (Opposition)
111
Major extensor of thigh
Gluteus Maximus
112
Abducts and medially rotates thigh
Gluteus Medius
113
Fleshy muscle of posterior thigh
Hamstring
114
Prime mover of dorsiflexion
Tibialis anterior
115
Prime mover of toe extension
Extensor Digitorum longus
116
Prime mover of feet
Tibialis Posterior
