Muscular System

Question 1

What are the three types of muscle?

Answer 1

Smooth, cardiac, skeletal

Question 2

What is skeletal muscle?

Answer 2

Attached to the skeleton via tendons, contracts to move bones.
Somatic system
Striated appearance

Question 3

What is smooth muscle?

Answer 3

Found on the walls of hollow organs and tubes.
Autonomic system
Smooth appearance

Question 4

What is cardiac muscle?

Answer 4

Forms the walls of the heart.
Autonomic system
Smooth appearance

Question 5

What are the functions of the muscular system?

Answer 5

Permits internal and external movement
Maintain posture
Regulates body temperature
Movement of lymph

Question 6

What are the characteristics of muscle?

Answer 6

Excitability- ability to react to stimulus
Contractibility- ability to shorten
Extensibility- ability to lengthen
Elasticity- ability to return to original resting length

Question 7

What is fascia?

Answer 7

A band or sheet of superficial connective tissue that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscle and other organs. Can be superficial, deep, or visceral.

Question 8

What are the layers of muscle tissue?

Answer 8

Fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, sarcolemma

Question 9

What are muscle fibers made up of?

Answer 9

Myofibrils that are composed of repeating segments called sarcomeres. Sarcomeres are made up of myosin (thick) and actin (thin) myofilaments- the functional contracting unit

Question 10

What are slow twitch muscle fibers?

Answer 10

Contain relatively large amounts of mitochondria. Have lower force output but are more efficient and fatigue resistant. High aerobic capacity

Question 11

What are fast twitch muscle fibers?

Answer 11

High capacity for anaerobic capacity. Largest and fastest and capable of producing most force of all muscle fibers.

Question 12

What is proprioception?

Answer 12

The sense of the orientation of one’s limbs in space. Primary proprioception are golgi tendon organs (GTO) and muscle spindles

Question 13

What are muscle spindles?

Answer 13

Located in muscle belly. Prevent muscles from overstretching by activating “stretch reflex” (reflexive contraction)

Question 14

What are golgi tendons?

Answer 14

Located in tendons. Prevents muscles from over contracting and promotes involuntary relaxation

Question 15

What are tendons?

Answer 15

Connect muscle to bone by fusing with periosteum of bone and epimysium of muscle. Tough, cord like fibrous connective tissue- more collagen than elastic fibers. Transmit force from muscle to bone

Question 16

What are ligaments?

Answer 16

Support a joint by attaching bone to bone. Contain a greater mixture of collagen and elastic fibers than tendons.

Question 17

What is the origin of a muscle?

Answer 17

The site of muscle attachment that does not move when a muscle is contracted.

Question 18

What is the insertion of a muscle?

Answer 18

The site of the muscle attachment that does move when muscle is contracted.

Question 19

What is the agonist?

Answer 19

The prime mover or the muscle that is contracting.

Question 20

What is the antagonist?

Answer 20

The opposing muscle of the primary mover.

Question 21

What does isometric mean?

Answer 21

Static. Length of muscle stays the same, joint does not move

Question 22

What does isotonic mean?

Answer 22

Dynamic. Joint movement occurs. Can be eccentric or concentric.

Question 23

What does isokinetic mean?

Answer 23

Specialized equipment needed to control speed of contraction used in rehab facilities.

Question 24

What are synergists?

Answer 24

Muscles that assist primary movers, smaller helper muscles

Question 25

What are stabilizers?

Answer 25

Prevent movement, isometric contraction

Question 26

Explain the muscular difference between strength and endurance.

Answer 26

Strength is the ability of the muscle or group to contract, how much resistance muscle can overcome.
Endurance is the ability of muscle to contract sub maximally repeatedly, how long muscle can hold weight.