Skeletal System

Question 1

How many bones are in the body?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

What are the two sections of the skeleton?

Answer 2

Axial and appendicular

Question 3

What is included in the axial skeleton?

Answer 3

Cranium, thorax and vertebral column

Question 4

What is included in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 4

Pelvis, upper and lower extremities

Question 5

What are the functions of bone?

Answer 5

Support
Protection
Movement
Storage of minerals
Blood cell formation

Question 6

What are the shapes of bone?

Answer 6

Long bone
Short bone
Irregular bone
Flat bone
Sesamoid bone

Question 7

What is the gross anatomy of bone?

Answer 7

Compact bone- dense outer layer
Spongy bone- porous inner bone
Bone marrow- soft connective tissue that produces blood cells
Periosteum- tough fibrous membrane that covers and protects outer bone

Question 8

What is ossification?

Answer 8

(Osteogenesis) Bone resorption and formation triggered by calcium and phosphorus in the blood

Question 9

What are osteoblasts?

Answer 9

The cells that trigger bone formation

Question 10

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 10

The cells that trigger bone resorption

Question 11

What are epiphyseal plates?

Answer 11

Growth plates. Where the cartilaginous matrix occurs in bone development

Question 12

What are the types of bone fractures?

Answer 12

Greenstick- partial break
Spiral- caused by twisting motion
Comminuted- splintered break
Transverse- break along the transverse plane
Compound- breaks skin
Compression- caused by crushing forces

Question 13

What is a bone fracture?

Answer 13

Any loss of continuity in bone

Question 14

What is the healing process of bone?

Answer 14

Inflammation- blood clots at fracture site
Bone production- clotted blood replaced by fibrous tissue and cartilage (soft callus)
Bone remodeling- bone continues to form and returns to original shape

Question 15

What is a bone bruise?

Answer 15

Bleeding and swelling in the central cavity of the bone

Question 16

What are the types of cartilage?

Answer 16

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 17

What is perichondrium?

Answer 17

A dense tissue membrane surrounding cartilage

Question 18

What is hyaline cartilage?

Answer 18

Most prevalent type
Flexible yet resilient
Covers the end of bone, connects ribs to sternum, skeleton of larynx, supports external nose

Question 19

What is elastic cartilage?

Answer 19

More elastic than hyaline
Found in external ear and epiglottis

Question 20

What is fibrocartilage?

Answer 20

Highly compressible but lots of tensile strength
Thick pad like structures such as meniscus and vertebral discs

Question 21

What are the two parts of the cranium?

Answer 21

Cranium and mandible

Question 22

What are the names of the sutures in the skull?

Answer 22

Coronal, sagittal, lambdoid

Question 23

What are fontanelle?

Answer 23

Soft spots or spaces between the cranial bones

Question 24

Describe the bones of the spinal column.

Answer 24

7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae

Sacrum- 5 fused sacral vertebrae

Coccyx- 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae

Question 25

Describe the bones of the rib cage.

Answer 25

24 ribs 1-7 fixed/true 8-12 false 11-12 floating Sternum Costal cartilage 12 thoracic vertebrae

Question 26

What are the bones in the shoulder girdle?

Answer 26

Clavicle and scapula

Question 27

What are the bones in the arm and forearm?

Answer 27

Humerous, ulna, radius

Question 28

What are the bones in the hand?

Answer 28

16 carpals 10 metacarpals 28 phalanges 4 sesamoid

Question 29

What are the fused bones in the pelvis?

Answer 29

Ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 30

What are the bones on the legs?

Answer 30

Femur, patella, tibia (shin), fibula

Question 31

What are the bones in the feet?

Answer 31

Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges and sesamoid

Question 32

What are osteons?

Answer 32

The structural units of bone composed of layers of bony tissue called lamellae.

Question 33

What are long bones?

Answer 33

Longer than they are wide Femur, humerous, tibia, fibula, radius, ulna

Question 34

What are short bones?

Answer 34

Equal in width and length Trapezoid (wrist bone), carpals, tarsals

Question 35

What are irregular bones?

Answer 35

Neither flat nor long Pelvis, vertebrae, some facial bones

Question 36

What are flat bones?

Answer 36

Curved and protect soft organs Scapula, sternum, ribs

Question 37

What are sesamoid bones?

Answer 37

Bones embedded in tendon Patella