Muscular System Flashcards
(39 cards)
What is Extensibility?
The ability of muscle tissue to lengthen when contracting
What is Elasticity?
The ability of muscle tissue to return to its original shape and length after use
What is Contractibility?
The capacity of a muscle to contract or shorten forcibly when stimulated by nerves and hormones
What are 5 Functions of skeletal muscle?
Movement, Posture, Support, Protection, Chemical-Mechanical Energy Conversion
What is the Point of Origin?
Where the muscle is attached to a bone which doesn’t move when performing an action and anchors to a stable bone
What is the Point of Insertion?
Where the muscles attach to a bone which moves during an action
What is an Antagonistic Muscle Pair?
The Relationship between the Agonist (the muscle that contracts to promote movement) and the antagonist (the muscle that extends against the movement)
What is a Harmonius Muscle Pair?
The Relationship between the Fixator (Stabiliser that enables the agonist to work) and the Synergist (Assist agonist muscle for specifications)
What are the stages of Huxley’s Sliding Filament Theory?
Both the Active Sites on the Actin Filament and the Myosin Heads become activated, before the Myosin Heads attach to their corresponding active site, creating a cross bridge. Then, the Actin slides by the Myosin filament via a Ratchet Mechanism (attaches to actin filament before sliding it towards the centre and detaching before re-attaching to the next actin filament). This leads to a shortening of the myofibril and the muscle fibres shortening and the muscle contracting. The Cross Bridges then break causing the muscle to relax.
What are Slow Twitch Muscle Fibres?
Red Muscle Fibres with a Slow Contraction speed, that produce a low force, with a low elasticity, and also fatigue after a long duration. They have a dense capillarity network and a high aerobic capacity, but a low anaerobic capacity.
What are Fast Oxidative Glycolytic Muscle Fibres?
Pink Muscle Fibres with Fast contraction speed that produce a High amount of force, with a medium elasticity. They fatigue after a longer duration and have a Medium Density of capillaries and a balanced aerobic and anaerobic capacity.
What are Fast Twitch Glycolytic Muscle Fibres?
White Muscle Fibres that have the fastest contraction speed and produce the highest amount of force, with a high elasticity. They have the quickest fatiguing time and a low density of Capillaries, meaning they have a low aerobic capacity but a high anaerobic one.
What is Isotonic Contraction?
Where the muscle changes length while maintaining constant tension (Concentric-shortening length, Eccentric- Lengthening)
What is Isometric Contraction?
Where the Muscle stays the same length while contracting
What is Isokinetic Contraction?
Where the muscle maintains the same speed of contraction throughout the movement.
What are Proprioceptros?
Sensory Organs in tendons, joints and muscles that detect degrees of movement and feedbacks that information to the CNS- causes reflex reaction
What are Muscle Spindle Apparatus?
Apparatus that tells you the level of tension the muscle is under and sends that information to the CNS- causes an immediate stretch reflex
What are Golgi Tendon Organs?
Thin Pockets of connective tissue in between the muscle fibres and the tendon- feeds back to CNS. When you’re under too much tension, they will either break or nullify the tension, and they also stimulate the antagonist.
What is Autogenic Inhibition?
The Threshold of tension in a muscle. Lengthening occurs when the threshold is exceeded, reducing tension
What is a Warm-Up?
A period of gentle exercise using the whole body in preparation for the physical activity to follow
What is a Cool-Down?
A period of light exercise at the end of a training session or competition or event to ensure successful recovery
What is a Soft Tissue Tissue Injury?
When Muscles, tendons, cartilage and ligaments are damaged due to a twisting motion, overuse or direct contact
Where would you see a Sprain?
In Ligaments and Joints
Where would you see a Strain?
In Muscles and Tendons
