Skeletal System

Question 1

What is the Axial Skeleton?

Answer 1

The Long axis, or core, of your body- protects, supports and carries other body parts.

Question 2

What is the Appendicular Skeleton?

Answer 2

The upper and lower limbs, alongside the pelvic and shoulder girdles- allows the body to move

Question 3

What is a Long Bone’s function (give an example)?

Answer 3

Structural Support and Movement, e.g. the Femur

Question 4

What is a Short Bone’s function (give an example)?

Answer 4

Finer Movements/ Balance/ Pressure Dissipation, e.g. The Metatarsals

Question 5

What is a Flat Bones’ function (give an example)?

Answer 5

Muscular Attachment, e.g. The Scapula

Question 6

What is a Sesamoid Bone’s Function (give an example)?

Answer 6

Protection of the ends of tibia, fibula and femur, e.g. The Patella

Question 6

What is an Irregular Bone’s function (Give an example?)

Answer 6

Helps with structure and some movement, e.g. The Vertebrae

Question 7

What is Cartilage?

Answer 7

A shock absorber that protects the ends of bones and allows for smooth, friction free movement

Question 8

What is an Epiphyseal Growth Plate?

Answer 8

Where the Bone will grow, usually located between the head and shaft of a long bone.

Question 9

What is a Compact Bone?

Answer 9

A really hard and strong bone that keeps shape and structure.

Question 10

What is a Marrow Cavity?

Answer 10

Responsible for Red and White Blood Cell Production, it is important to keep it as wide as possible.

Question 11

What is a Periosteum?

Answer 11

Where the bone attaches to a muscle

Question 12

What is a Spongy Bone?

Answer 12

A Shock Absorber that allows for tension to be dissipated.

Question 13

What are the Two parts of a long bone?

Answer 13

The Epiphysis (End section/Head) and the diaphysis (Shaft)

Question 14

What is Osteoporosis?

Answer 14

A bone disorder that is a result of a deterioration of bone tissue and density, makes bones weaker. Risk Factors- Inactivity in Childhood, adolescence of adulthood/ a sedentary lifestyle as a result of an injury

Question 15

What is Growth Plate Disorder?

Answer 15

A Bone disorder that affects the Epiphysial Growth Plates, very common as they are the weakest part of a growing skeleton. Risk Factors- Impacts/ Repetitive Overuse

Question 16

What is Osteoarthritis?

Answer 16

A Joint Disorder that is caused by repetitive use of large weight bearing joints- causes loss of articular cartilage- leads to reduced movement in joints.

Question 17

What are Bone Spurs?

Answer 17

Small Projections of bones that form around joints due to damage to the joints surface, cause by osteoarthritis- limits movement.

Question 18

What is the Cervical Vertebrae?

Answer 18

The top section of the Vertebrae that protects the Spinal Cord and supports the Head

Question 19

What is the Thoracic Vertebrae?

Answer 19

The Middle section of the vertebrae that supports the chest/abdomen and protects the heart/lungs

Question 20

What is the Lumbar Vertebrae?

Answer 20

The Lower section of the Vertebrae that provides support for weight of body and protects the spinal cord.

Question 21

What is the Sacrum?

Answer 21

A Lower Vertebral Bone that stabilises the Pelvis

Question 22

What is the Coccyx?

Answer 22

A Lower Vertebral Bone that supports bodyweight and keeps balance when sat down.

Question 23

What is a Pivot Joint? (give an example)

Answer 23

Part of a bone that fits into a ring-like structure, e.g. the Atlas and Axis in the Neck

Question 24

What is a Hinge Joint? (give an example)

Answer 24

A convex surface that articulates with a concave surface, e.g. the Knee

Question 25

What is a Saddle Joint? (give an example)

Answer 25

A bone that fits into a saddle-shaped structure on another bone, e.g. the thumb

Question 26

What is a Gliding Joint? (give an example)

Answer 26

Two relatively flat surfaces slide over one another, e.g. Between Tarsal Bones

Question 27

What is a Condyloid Joint? (give an example)

Answer 27

A convex surface that fits into a elliptical cavity, e.g. The wrist

Question 28

What is a Ball and Socket Joint? (give an example)

Answer 28

A ball like head that fits into a cup shaped depression, e.g. the shoulder

Question 29

What are Fibrous Joints?

Answer 29

Joints with no joint cavity, the bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue. This doesn't allow any movement and provides protection (a.k.a. immovable synarthrosis)

Question 30

What are Cartilaginous Joints?

Answer 30

Joints that have no joint cartilage between the bones of the joint, but they allow for limited movement (a.k.a. slightly moveable amphiarthrosis)

Question 31

What are Synovial Joints?

Answer 31

Joints with a fluid cavity surrounded by an articular capsule, allowing for free movement (a.k.a. freely moveable diarthrosis)

Question 32

What is a Ligament?

Answer 32

Tissues that join and hold together two different bones, stabilising the joint so that it works efficiently

Question 33

What is a Tendon?

Answer 33

Tissues that join and hold together a bone and a muscle, they are non-flexible in order to transfer the pull of the muscle