Muscular System Review

Question 1

three types of muscle?

Answer 1

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Question 2

skeletal classifications?

Answer 2

striated, voluntary, multinucleated

Question 3

smooth classifications?

Answer 3

nonstriated, involuntary

Question 4

cardiac classifications?

Answer 4

striated, involuntary, intercalated disks

Question 5

three functions of muscles?

Answer 5

movement, heat production, posture

Question 6

four characteristics of the muscular system?

Answer 6

excitability, contractibility, extensibility, and elasticity

Question 7

the covering of individual muscle fibers?

Answer 7

endomysium

Question 8

the covering of the entire muscle?

Answer 8

fascia

Question 9

the covering of fascicles?

Answer 9

perimysium

Question 10

the muscles that are arranged like feathers in a plume?

Answer 10

bipennate

Question 11

the muscles that are arranged in a circle?

Answer 11

sphincter

Question 12

the muscles that are arranged and run parallel?

Answer 12

parallel

Question 13

origin?

Answer 13

the part that does NOT move when muscle contracts

Question 14

insertion?

Answer 14

the part that does move when muscle contracts

Question 15

muscles are named by?

Answer 15

location, function, shape, fiber direction, number of heads/divisions, points of attachment, muscle size

Question 16

location examples?

Answer 16

frontalis, femoris, gluteus

Question 17

function examples?

Answer 17

abductor, adductor, depressor

Question 18

shape examples?

Answer 18

deltoid, orbicularis, platy

Question 19

fiber direction examples?

Answer 19

oblique, rectus, sphincter

Question 20

number of heads/divisions examples?

Answer 20

bicep, triceps, quadricep

Question 21

points of attachment examples?

Answer 21

origin and insertion

Question 22

muscle size examples?

Answer 22

brevis, longus, magnus

Question 23

antagonist?

Answer 23

the one that opposes prime mover, relaxes when prime mover contracts

Question 24

agonist?

Answer 24

the one that is the prime mover, muscle most responsible for movement

Question 25

synergist?

Answer 25

the aid prime mover, contract at same time as prime mover

Question 26

the muscle that shrugs the shoulders?

Answer 26

trapezius

Question 27

the posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm?

Answer 27

tricep

Question 28

the posterior arm muscle that flexes the forearm?

Answer 28

bicep

Question 29

the muscles of the quadricep femoris?

Answer 29

rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius

Question 30

the muscles of the hamstring?

Answer 30

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

Question 31

the muscles that move the upper arm?

Answer 31

pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, deltoid, and the rotator cuff

Question 32

the muscle for chewing?

Answer 32

temproalis

Question 33

the muscle for closing the eyes?

Answer 33

orbicularis oculi

Question 34

the muscle for raising the eyebrows?

Answer 34

occipitofrontalis

Question 35

the muscle for puckering?

Answer 35

orbicularis oris

Question 36

correct order for the arrangement of parts of skeletal muscle?

Answer 36

myofilaments, myofibrils, muscle fibers, fascicles, and muscles

Question 37

the contractile unit of a myofibril?

Answer 37

sarcomere

Question 38

the chief function of the T tubule?

Answer 38

they maintain the SR calcium store under the tight control of membrane depolarization via the voltage sensor channel DHPR

Question 39

increase in muscle size?

Answer 39

hypertrophy

Question 40

decrease in muscle size?

Answer 40

atrophy

Question 41

muscle fatigue?

Answer 41

the muscles loses ability to contract due to lack of ATP, and lactic acids builds up. ATP is no longer efficiently being used for cross-bridges

Question 42

good posture?

Answer 42

-your head and chest are held high -your chin, abdomen, buttocks are pulled in -your knees are slightly bent -your feet are firmly on the ground 6 in. apart

Question 43

pushing against the wall is an example of?

Answer 43

isometric contraction

Question 44

when a muscle cell is stimulated by a threshold stimulus it shows?

Answer 44

All or None response

Question 45

the first event to occur in muscle relaxation?

Answer 45

sarcoplasmic reticulum, begins actively pumping calcium back into its sacs

Question 46

the insertion of muscle is?

Answer 46

the point of attachment that moves when the muscle contracts

Question 47

rigor mortis?

Answer 47

caused because of the lack of ATP to "turn off" muscle contraction

Question 48

anaerobic respiration?

Answer 48

the first choice of the muscle cell for the production of ATP

Question 49

skeletal muscles contribute to maintaining body temperature by?

Answer 49

generating heat, muscle contraction requires energy and produces heat as a by product of metabolism

Question 50

the viral infection of the nerves that control skeletal movement?

Answer 50

poliomyelitis

Question 51

a group of genetic diseases characterized by atrophy of skeletal muscle tissue?

Answer 51

muscular dystrophy

Question 52

the name for muscle pain is?

Answer 52

myalgia

Question 53

the name for the condition when the weakening of abdominal muscles that can cause organ protrusion, obstruction, gangrene, and severe pain is?

Answer 53

reducible or strangulated hernias

Question 54

the process of muscle contraction?

Answer 54

ATP energizes a myosin head and is converted into ADP+P. Calcium ions bond to troponin, removing the blocking action of tropomyosin and exposing the active site. The myosin head attaches to the actin filament, creating a cross-bridge. Energy stored in the myosin head is used to pull the actin filaments toward the M line. ADP+P, are released. As new ATP attaches to the myosin head, the cross bridge detaches. Freed myosin head splits ATP into ADP and P, released energy recocks myosin head to prepare for next stroke.

Question 55

charley horse?

Answer 55

an intense muscle spasms, last few seconds to few hours, caused by injury or overuse. treatment is to stop activity, stretch and massage, heat to relax muscle, and ice when spasm is over

Question 56

polio?

Answer 56

a viral infection of nerves controlling skeletal movement, and a vaccine created in US in 1950s, but not everywhere

Question 57

all or none effect?

Answer 57

the muscle or nerve responds completely or not at all

Question 58

contusion?

Answer 58

a bruise and it causes swelling and pain and can limit joint range of motion near the injury. the injured muscle may feel weak and stiff.