Test 2

Question 1

muscular tissue?

Answer 1

movement of skeleton, beating of heart, movement of food through digestive system

Question 2

connective tissue?

Answer 2

makes up bone, cartilage, and blood; connects organs together

Question 3

nervous tissue?

Answer 3

conducts electrical impulses through the brain, spinal cord and nerves

Question 4

epithelial tissue?

Answer 4

makes up skin, lining of internal pathways, and glands

Question 5

all tissues are made of….?

Answer 5

cells

Question 6

nucleus?

Answer 6

controlled center, contains genetic information

Question 7

endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 7

synthesizes proteins and ships them around the cell

Question 8

mitochondria?

Answer 8

converts food into ATP

Question 9

golgi apparatus?

Answer 9

transports material around the cell in sacs called vesicles

Question 10

lysosomes?

Answer 10

break down waste

Question 11

centrioles?

Answer 11

aid in cell division

Question 12

vacuoles?

Answer 12

store nutrients and water

Question 13

cell?

Answer 13

basic unit of all living matter (adult=over 10 trillion cells)

Question 14

cytoplasm?

Answer 14

substance of a cell outside of the nucleus

Question 15

chromosomes?

Answer 15

46 in each body cell nucleus (23 pair)
-made of DNA, which codes for all the processes the cell does

Question 16

DNA is shaped like a…?

Answer 16

double helix

Question 17

DNA is used to….?

Answer 17

code for all of the proteins required by the body

Question 18

A always bonds with…?

Answer 18

T

Question 19

C always bonds with…?

Answer 19

G

Question 20

transcription?

Answer 20

the process of converting the DNA code into an mRNA message

Question 21

translation?

Answer 21

the mRNA strands leaves the cells nucleus and heads to the ribosome, where proteins are made

Question 22

cell division?

Answer 22

when a large cell grows too large, the time necessary to brin in nutrients and remove waste gets inefficient
-to prevent this, cells divide on a regular cycle

Question 23

mitosis?

Answer 23

the period of division in somatic cells
-division of chromosomes and then cytoplasm
-one parent cell makes TWO IDENTICAL “daughter cells”

Question 24

meiosis?

Answer 24

the period of division in sex cells (gametes)
-division of chromosomes and then cytoplasm
-one parent cell makes FOUR DIFFERENT “daughter cells”

Question 25

passive transport?

Answer 25

cells need to move materials in and out -use specialized, semi-permeable membranes

Question 26

diffusion (passive transport)?

Answer 26

-with concentration gradient -moves from areas of HIGH to lox concentration

Question 27

simple diffusion?

Answer 27

movement of particles through bilayer from high to low concentration

Question 28

dialysis diffusion (passive transport)?

Answer 28

diffusion of small solute particles through selectively permeable membrane

Question 29

osmosis diffusion (passive transport)?

Answer 29

diffusion of water

Question 30

facilitated diffusion (passive transport)?

Answer 30

diffusion of particles though membrane with help of carrier proteins

Question 31

active transport?

Answer 31

moves molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration -DOES require energy

Question 32

endocytosis (active transport)?

Answer 32

"into cell"

Question 33

phagocytosis?

Answer 33

"to eat"

Question 34

pinocytosis?

Answer 34

"to drink"

Question 35

exocytosis (active transport)?

Answer 35

"out of cell"

Question 36

enzymes are...?

Answer 36

VERY SPECIFIC

Question 37

catabolism?

Answer 37

big things to little things

Question 38

anabolism?

Answer 38

little things to big things

Question 39

embryonic development of tissues?

Answer 39

after fertilization, the cell divides and becomes a hollow ball of cells called a blastocyst

Question 40

endoderm?

Answer 40

innermost layer of cells or tissue

Question 41

mesoderm?

Answer 41

the middle layer of an embryo

Question 42

ectoderm?

Answer 42

outer most layer of an embryo

Question 43

histogenesis?

Answer 43

when the tissue layer differentiate into tissues

Question 44

epithelial tissue?

Answer 44

-protects from injury and foreign particles -found in skin, nose, eye, and ear -includes hormone, mucus, digestive juices and sweat -absorbs nutrients and gases in lungs -excretes in kidney and urine CLASSIFICATION BASED ON CELL SHAPE AND NUMBER OF LAYERS

Question 45

simple squamous?

Answer 45

single flay layer of cells that are thin and permeable -function: rapid diffusion of materials -found in blood vessels and lung tissues

Question 46

simple cuboidal?

Answer 46

single layer of cube shaped cells -function: secretion and absorption of substances -found in the tissues of the kidney