Musculokskeletal System

Question 1

What is the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM?

Answer 1

Provides support & gives us ability to move.

Question 2

What is the musculoskeletal system composed of?

Answer 2

Bones Cartilage, Muscle, Joints, Tendons.

Question 3

What are the names of the 2 MAIN bits of the skeleton?

Answer 3

AXIAL - central core eg, skull,sternum,ribs,verterbul colum APPENDICULAR

Question 4

What is the name of the ‘middle bit’ of a bone?

Answer 4

Diaphysis

Question 5

What is the name of the ‘end’ of a bone?

Answer 5

Epiphysis

Question 6

Where in the bone does the bone marrow sit?

Answer 6

Spongy Bone

Question 7

What is the outside of the bone lined with?

Answer 7

Periosteum (causes pain in fractures)

Question 8

What is the treatment for fractures?

Answer 8

AIM- is to allow good function after healing and to relign the bone Treatment - plaster cast with/without surgery

Question 9

What happens during fracture healing?

Answer 9

1. ruptured blood vessels cause haematoma which fills the fracture gap. 2. Provides fibrin meshwork to allow formation of granulations tissue. 3.Inflamation of cells releases cytokine to activate osteoblast/clasts. 4. 1 week delvelop cartilage causing bone deposition. 5. 2-3 week tissue reaches max

Question 10

What can create obstacles for fracture healing?

Answer 10

if bone is not aligned, not mobilised,infection, fracture site contains dead bone.

Question 11

What is a leading cause of fracture in old people?

Answer 11

Osteioprosis

Question 12

What is Osteoporosis?

Answer 12

decrease in bone mass & density.

Question 13

What are the symptoms of Osteoporosis?

Answer 13

NO symptoms. People normally only know they have it if they fracture something.

Question 14

How is osteoporosis formed?

Answer 14

Imbalance between bone resorption (increase) and bone production (decrease), and increase in bone mass.

Question 15

What can influence risk of developing Osteoporosis?

Answer 15

Hormones (lack of oestrogen) Abnormal calcium & vit D If on drugs such as steroids.

Question 16

What are the treatment options of Oestoporosis?

Answer 16

ALENDRONIC ACID

Question 17

What is ARTHRITIS?

Answer 17

inflammation of a joint

Question 18

What does ARTROPATHY mean?

Answer 18

joint disease or disorder

Question 19

What are the characteristics of Arthritis?

Answer 19

Pain, swelling, stiffness, redness, warmth, restricted movement.

Question 20

What is the most common type of Arthritis?

Answer 20

Osteoarthritis

Question 21

What is Osteoarthritis?

Answer 21

‘wear & tear’ PRIMARY cause - no cause Secondary - previous joint damage

Question 22

What are the RISK factors of Osteoarthritis?

Answer 22

Age, menopause, obesity, pre-exiting join deformity, stress eg. sportsman, Genetic

Question 23

What is the PATHOGENESIS of ostesoarthritis?

Answer 23

Breakdown of articular cartridge. Bone exposed fragment of cartilage, fall in to joint.

Question 24

What are the effects of Osteoarthritis?

Answer 24

Stiffness, Pain which is worse on movement, Reduce movement, Joint effusions (fluid) Crepitus (crackles)

Question 25

What does osteoarthritis produce in hands?

Answer 25

Herberdens Nodes (top of fingers) Bouchards Nodes (Bottom of fingers)

Question 26

What is the pathogenesis of Reumatoid Arthritis?

Answer 26

1. Form immune complex 2.Generales inflamtion in synovium 3.Membrane thickens, 4. leads to join & cartilage desturction

Question 27

What are the features of Rheumatioid Arthritis?

Answer 27

Affects hands & feet Pain, Swelling, deformity, fever, fatigue,pain often stiff. disease fluctuates

Question 28

What is crystal arthropathies?

Answer 28

deposion of crystals in joint space

Question 29

What are the TWO main crystal arthopathies?

Answer 29

Gout Pseudogout

Question 30

What is Gout?

Answer 30

Increase Uric Acid Produced breakdrown of purine based by enzymes xanthine oxidase excreted by kidneys urate deposit as crystals in joints. lead to chronic arthirits

Question 31

What are the features of GOUT?

Answer 31

Sudden burning, redness, warmth, tenderness, stiffness. First attack normaly in big toe.

Question 32

What is pseudogout?

Answer 32

precipitation of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in connective tissue. Crystals enlarge and repurture trigger a inflame response Affects Knees & Ankles

Question 33

What are the causes of pseudogout?

Answer 33

heredity osteoarthritis trauma/surgery AGE.

Question 34

What is SEPTIC Arthritis?

Answer 34

Inflammation of joint caused by bacterial infection.

Question 35

What are the symptoms of SEPTIC Arthritis?

Answer 35

Severe pain, swelling, redness, heat, FEVER! and develops quickly. \*\* could be a EMQ emphasis on fever.

Question 36

What is the treatment for SEPTIC Arthritis?

Answer 36

IV antibiotics, washout of joint (surgery). VERY SERIOUS & CAN CAUSE SEPSIS LEADING TO DEATH.

Question 37

What is osetomyetlitis?

Answer 37

Infection of bone caused by bacteria.

Question 38

Who is more at risck of Osteomyelitis?

Answer 38

Diabetes People who have suffered from foreign bodies.

Question 39

What is the most common Bone tumour?

Answer 39

Metastic disease from a cancer. eg. postrate, breast, kidney

Question 40

What are the 3 main types of muscle?

Answer 40

Statified, Smooth, Cardiac

Question 41

What is striated muscle?

Answer 41

involved in voluntary actions e.g. muscle of arm or leg

Question 42

What is smooth muscle?

Answer 42

Controlled by AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYS eg. contraction of artertis

Question 43

What discorders can you get in skeletal muscle?

Answer 43

Muscular dystrophies Neuromuscular disorders

Question 44

What disorder can you get in your smooth muscle?

Answer 44

leiomyomas (tumour)