Musculoskeletal

Question 1

Major Properties of Muscles

Answer 1

Contractility
Excitably
Extensibility
Elasticity

Question 2

Contractility

Answer 2

Shorten muscle

Question 3

Excitability

Answer 3

Muscle response to stimulus

Question 4

extensibility

Answer 4

Ability to stretch

Question 5

elasticity

Answer 5

ability to recoil to resting length

Question 6

Skeletal muscle

Answer 6

Attach to bones
Nuclei are multiple per cell and peripherally located
striated

Question 7

Important structures of skeletal muscles

Answer 7

Bone, tendon, fascicle, blood vessels, muscle fiber

Question 8

tendons

Answer 8

fibrous connective tissues that connect to muscle fibers

Question 9

Muscle anatomy

Answer 9

Origin or head
insertion
belly

Question 10

Synergists

Answer 10

Separates muscles that work together to cause moment around a joint

Question 11

agonist

Answer 11

muscles causing a particular action when it contracts

Question 12

antagonists

Answer 12

muscles working in opposition to agonist, typically relaxes during contraction of agonist

Question 13

parallel fiber arrangement

Answer 13

longitudinal

Question 14

pennate fibers arrangement

Answer 14

on an angle

Question 15

What are the ends od the sarcomere

Answer 15

z lines

Question 16

Gating

Answer 16

opening and closing of ion channel in response to electrical or chemical signal

Question 17

Selective Permeability

Answer 17

Allows selective ions to pass through

Question 18

3 phases of action potential

Answer 18

1. depoalrization
2. repolarization
3. hyperpolarization

Question 19

depolarization

Answer 19

above the threshold

Question 20

repolarization

Answer 20

below the threshold, re establishing resting potential

Question 21

hyperpolarization

Answer 21

after potential

Question 22

sarcolemma

Answer 22

plasma membrane

Question 23

t tubules

Answer 23

infoldinfgs in of the scarolemma

Question 24

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 24

specialized with Ca reservoirs in the cell

Question 25

Scaroplasmic reticulum Ca ATPase (serca)

Answer 25

ion pump protein that moves Ca from scaroplasm to SR restoring Ca

Question 26

How can the magnitude of force produce in whole muscle contraction be controled?

Answer 26

motor unit contraction stimulation initial length of muscle fibers

Question 27

graded contractions

Answer 27

produced by variation in number of motor units activated

Question 28

innervation ratios

Answer 28

vary based functional requirements of muscle

Question 29

Explain the effect of stimulation to contraction

Answer 29

The force of the contraction can depend on the time of the stimulus and how frequently the stimulus are

Question 30

Length tension Relationship in an isolated muscle Fiber

Answer 30

Force exerted depends on the number of myson heads engaged in cross bridge cycling with actin filaments

Question 31

Length tension relationship in a muscle unit including tendons

Answer 31

the passive tendons put the normal active tension to create the Total tension

Question 32

elastic recoil

Answer 32

the effect of series elastic component of the actively stretched muscle EX: kangaroo hop

Question 33

Stretched muscle

Answer 33

ANS signal to contract and shorten muscle

Question 34

3 types od skeletal fibers

Answer 34

slow oxidative fibers fast oxidative fibers fast glycolytic fibers

Question 35

fast fibers

Answer 35

high myosin ATPase, fatigue rapidly (sprinter)

Question 36

slow fibers

Answer 36

low myosin ATPase, fatigue slower (long distance runner)

Question 37

Oxidative fibers

Answer 37

+++ mitochondria containing myoglobin, increase rate of oxygen in fiber

Question 38

glycolytic fibers

Answer 38

few mitochondria can develop more tension fatigue quickly

Question 39

Low intensity exercise affect

Answer 39

oxidative fibers

Question 40

high intensity exercise affect

Answer 40

glycolytic fibers

Question 41

Fatigue is associated with

Answer 41

ATP depletion and loss of Ca

Question 42

Increase in muscle mass change

Answer 42

exercise mechanical stress SYNTHESIS of myofibrils

Question 43

Decrease in muscle mass changes

Answer 43

Inactivty absense of mechanical stress DEGRATION of proteins

Question 44

Atrophy

Answer 44

Muscle wasting or loss

Question 45

Skeletal muscles has a high degree of

Answer 45

plasticity