Neurobiology

Question 1

Central Nervous System

Answer 1

Brain and spinal Cord

Anything incased in bone

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 2

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Question 3

Nervous System Function

6 Steps

Answer 3

Stimulus
Sensor receptor
input (afferent signals)
integration and processing (CNS)
output (efferent signals)
response (muscle contraction and gland secretion)

Question 4

Nervous System Development

3 steps

Answer 4

Starts as a thickening in ectoderm (PLATE)
folds to form tube
cells at the edge of neural plate becoming the neutral crest

Question 5

gyri

Answer 5

gives rise to ridges

Question 6

sulci

Answer 6

grooves in the cerebral cortex

Question 7

Parts of the neuron

Answer 7

Cell body - ATP production
Dendrites - receive incoming signals
Axon- conduct outgoing signals
Axon Terminal - releases chemical neurotransmitters

Question 8

The Neuron

Answer 8

Function of the nervous system
Highly specialized and does not divide

Question 9

3 types of neuron sensors

Answer 9

1. sensory- detects environmental stimuli
2. motor- relay information from the central nervous system to the EFFECTOR organs
3. internernors- most common, found around CNS

Question 10

Where is grey matter and white matter found

Answer 10

grey- mostly cell bodies and dendrites
white- mostly axons

Question 11

Which one is grey and white matter

Answer 11

Blue: White matter
Pink: grey matter

Question 12

Explain neuronal signaling
between cells and electrons

Answer 12

Signally between cells is chemical
Between electrons is electrical

Question 13

Ion Chanel

Answer 13

Voltage Gate and Ligand Gates

Question 14

Depolization

Answer 14

Resting membrane potential becomes less negative
ex: Na

Question 15

Hyperpolarization

Answer 15

resting membrane potential becomes more negative
ex: Cl

Question 16

Types of Neurotransmitters

Answer 16

Excitatory and Inhibitory

Question 17

Astrocytes

Answer 17

structural support
part of blood brain barrier

Question 18

oligodendrocytes

Answer 18

insulation of CNS neuron axons

Question 19

Schwann Cells

Answer 19

Similar to oligodendrocytes but in peripheral nervous system

Question 20

Ependymal Cells/Choroid Plexus

Answer 20

lines the ventricle and central canal

Question 21

Microgila

Answer 21

Derived from precursors in yolk sac
important for phagocytosis of necrotic neural tissue

Question 22

4 parts of the brain

Answer 22

prosencephalon (forebrain)
mescncphalon (midbrain)
rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
spinal cord

Question 23

parts of prosencephalon (forebrain)

Answer 23

telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 24

parts of rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Answer 24

mesencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 25

parts of spinal cord

Answer 25

central canal

Question 26

parts of mesencephalon and myelencephalon

Answer 26

4th ventricle

Question 27

parts of mescncphalon (midbrain)

Answer 27

mesencephalic and aqueduct

Question 28

parts of diencephalon

Answer 28

3rd ventricle

Question 29

parts of telencephalon

Answer 29

lateral ventricles

Question 30

parts of lateral ventricles (telencephalon)

Answer 30

cerebral cortex and hippocampus

Question 31

parts of 3rd ventricle (diencephalon)

Answer 31

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 32

parts of mesencephalic and aqueduct

Answer 32

midbrain

Question 33

parts of 4th ventricle (mesencephalon and myelencephalon)

Answer 33

metencephalon, post cerebellum, and medulla

Question 34

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 34

Outermost and largest part of the brain Higher level processing and integration of sensory stimuli and initation of motor response

Question 35

Holoprosencephaly

Answer 35

undivided Cerebral Cortex

Question 36

Lateral ventricles

Answer 36

ventricles 1 and 2 located within the cerebral hemispheres

Question 37

hydrocephalus

Answer 37

left ventricle enlarges

Question 38

Hippocampus

Answer 38

Function: learning and memory sear horse shaped

Question 39

Basal Ganglia

Answer 39

Function: voluntary control of moment and procedural learning Found in: telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon

Question 40

Thalamus

Answer 40

relay station for input to the cerebral cortex

Question 41

Hypothalamus

Answer 41

endocrine regulation, appetite and emotional behavior

Question 42

3rd ventile

Answer 42

associated with diencephalon

Question 43

Midbrain= mesencephalon functions (3)

Answer 43

cranial nerve reflexes motor control sleep/walk cycle

Question 44

Mesencephalic aqueduct

Answer 44

connects 3rd ventricle to 4th ventricle

Question 45

Cerebellum function

Answer 45

maintenance of posture and balance

Question 46

Pons function

Answer 46

facial movement, hearing, balance, respiration, and sleep

Question 47

medulla functions

Answer 47

breathing, blood pressure, respiration

Question 48

4th ventricle

Answer 48

contacts aqueduct to central canal

Question 49

spinal cord segments (3)

Answer 49

cervical, thoracic, lumbar