Musculoskeletal Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
- Wrist pain on palpation on anatomic snuffbox.
- Pain on axial loading of the thumb/Pain when making a fist or gripping something
- History of falling forward with outstretched hands
A
- Navicular Fracture
2
Q
What will the Xray show in Navicular Fractures
A
- Initial Xray may NOT show fracture, but 2 weeks later will show the scaphoid fracture
- High risk of avascular necrosis and non-union
3
Q
- Fracture of the distal radium of the forearm, along with displacement of wrist
- History of falling forward with outstretched hands
- Also known as the “dinner fork” fracture
A
- Colles Fracture
4
Q
The most common type of Colles’ fractures are:
A
- Wrist
5
Q
- Acute onset of saddle anesthesia, bladder or bowel incontinence (retention of bladder)
- Bilateral numbness and weakness of legs
- Pressure on a sacral nerve results in inflammatory and ischemic changes in the nerves.
A
- Cauda Equina Syndrome (Send to ER immediately)
6
Q
- This type of radiograph shows bone fractures, damaged bone (osteomyelitis and metastases), metal, and other dense objects.
A
- Xrays
7
Q
- It is the GOLD STANDARD for injuries of the cartilage, menisci, tendons, ligaments, or any joint of the body.
- Does not use radiation
A
- MRI (Magnetic Reasonance Imaging)
8
Q
- Uses Xray images to form 3D pictures
* Detects bleeding, aneurysms, masses, pelvic and bone trauma, fractures
A
- CT (Computed Tomography)
9
Q
Hyperextension or backward curvatures of the knees
A
- Genu recurvatum
10
Q
Genu Varum
A
- Bowlegs
11
Q
Genu Valgum
A
- Knock Knees
12
Q
After an injury to a joint, within the 1st 48 hours, what should NOT take place
A
- NO EXERCISE OF ANY FORM (not even isometric)
- NO HEAT OF ANY FORM
- NO ACTIVE RANGE OF MOTION
13
Q
- It tests for Anterior Cruciate Ligaments (ACL) tears
- Shows laxity in Knee Joint (Knee Instability)
- Produces a “click” when if positive
A
- McMurray Test
14
Q
- Tests for Ankle instability or Joint laxity in Ankle
* Brace heel and invert foot
A
- Talar Tilt Test
15
Q
- A positive Talar Tilt test is suggestive of:
A
- A grade III ankle sprain
- Calcaneofibular Ligament Rupture
- Anterior Talofibular Ligament Rupture
16
Q
- The “Tinel” or “Phalen” test is done to evaluate:
A
- Carpel Tunnel
17
Q
- The “Lachman’s” test screens for _______
A
- Knee instability (more sensitive than Drawer test) suggests ACL damage.
18
Q
Inflammation of the digital nerve of the foot, between the 3rd and 4th metatarsal (toe) is known as?
A
- Morton Neuroma
19
Q
This test is done by grasping the 1st and 5th toe, then squeezing the forefoot. It screens for Morton’s Neuroma
A
- Mulders Test
20
Q
Morton’s neuroma risk is increased by what?
A
- Wearing high-heeled shoes
- Wearing tight shoes
- Being Obese
- Being a Runner or Dancer
21
Q
- Caused by “Overuse Syndrome” of the hand and the wrist.
- An inflammation of the tendon and sheath, in the 1st dorsal compartment of the wrist/located at the base of the thumb.
- Dorsal thumb pain is a cardinal sign/symptom
- The orthopedic maneuver to test for this is the “Finklestein’s Test”
A
- De’Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
22
Q
De’Quervain’s screen is considered “positive” when what happens?
A
- Their is pain and tenderness at the wrist (on the thumb side)
23
Q
A type of bursitis located behind the knee is called
A
- Baker’s Cyst
24
Q
- It test for “Lumbar Nerve Root” compression
* Can be done sitting or lying down
A
- Straight Leg Raise
25
The Spurling Test assesses:
* Cervical Root Compression
| * Cervical Radiculopathy
26
* Thick "sterile" serous fluid that provides lubrication for the joint.
* If it is cloudy, it can be indicative of infection.
* Synovial Fluid
27
* Cresent-shaped cartilage located in each knee.
* They located Anteriorly and Posteriorly
* Damage to them may cause a "LOCKING" of the knee
* Meniscus
28
* What is a complication of joint injections
* Tendon Rupture
* Nerve Damage
* Infection
* Bleeding
* Hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal suppression
29
* Phalanges refer to the
* Fingers and Toes
| * Singular form is "Phalanx"
30
* Acute or Recurrent Pain on the bottom of the feet.
* Aggravated by walking.
* Caused by MicroTears in the plantar fascia, due to tightness of the Achilles Tendon
* Plantar Fasciitis
31
* Which groups have a higher risk of "Plantar Fasciitis"
* Obese
* Diabetics
* Aerobic Exercisers
* Flat feet,
* Prolong standers/walkers
32
* Treatment for Plantar Fasciitis includes:
* NSAIDs (oral or topical)
33
* Uric acid crystals inside joints and tendons due to excess production or decrease excretion of purine crystals.
* Predisposition for 1st joint of the large toe.
* Gout
34
* 1st goal in an "Acute" gout attack is to:
* Provide pain relief = N.S.A.I.Ds are the mainstay and 1st line.
35
* 1st line therapy for treating patients with acute gout is:
* N.S.A.I.Ds (Naproxen/Anaprox, Indomethacin/Indocin)
| * Steroids (Prednisone or corticosteroid injections)
36
* Which maintenance gout medications are not to be used during a gout attack?
* Allopurinol (cause gout to move to big joints)
| * Probenicid (increase uric acid in the big joints)
37
* The dose of colchicine during a gout attack should be:
* 0.6mg every hour (until relief or G.I symptoms) up to 2.4mg
38
* The most common joint disease in America
* Pain in joints exacerbated by activity and relieved by rest.
* Morning stiffness usually is less than an hour (
* Osteoarthritis/Degenerative Joint Disease
39
* The Xray in an osteoarthritic patient will show:
* Joint Space Narrowing
40
* The most common joints affected by osteoarthritis include:
* Hips
* Knees
* Interphalangeal (Fingers)
41
* Heberden's nodes are found where:
| * Bouchard's nodes are found where:
* Heberden's nodes = Distal Interphalangeal joints
| * Bouchard's nodes = Proximal interphalangeal joints
42
* 1st line therapy for Osteoarthritis is:
* Exercise and Weight Loss
43
* 1st line pharmacological therapy for OA includes:
* Acetaminophen
44
* Over the counter nutritional supplements to help manage osteoarthritis include:
* Glucosamine
* Chondroitin
* **** Use both in conjunction, they provide a synergistic effect****
45
* A multisystem autoimmune disease that is more common in African American and Hispanic women.
* Classical sign is a maculopapular "butterfly" shaped rash on the middle of the face (malar rash).
* Systemic Lupus Erythematous
46
* Systemic autoimmune disease
* Symmetrical, polyarticular joint destruction
* More common in women than men
* Morning stiffness last longer than an hour (> 60 minutes).
* Rheumatoid Arthritis
47
* Classic sign of Rheumatoid Arthritis is
* Swan Neck Deformities (flexion of the DIP and hyperextension of the PIP)
* Boutonnere Deformities (Hyperextension of the DIP and flexion of the PIP)
48
* Pharmacological therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis includes:
* Disease Modifying Agents for Rheumatoid Disease (DMARDs)
* NSAIDs (for inflammation and pain)
* Systemic oral steroids
49
* Complications of Rheumatoid Arthritis, as well as Ankylosing Spondylitis includes:
* Uveitis = swelling of the uvea (middle layer of the eye that supplies blood to the retina)
50
* Gradual onset of pain on the outside of the elbow that sometimes radiates to the forearm.
* Pain worsening with grasping and twisting movements (opening jars, shaking hands).
* Hand grip is often WEAK on the affected side
* Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)
51
* Gradual onset of pain on the inside of the elbow.
| * Forearm weakness, pain is aggravated by wrist flexion.
* Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow)
52
* People with gout should avoid foods high in:
* Purine (Sardines, Organ meats, Shellfish)
53
* Mild stretching and damage to the "ligament fibers".
* Mild to moderate pain, but able to bear weight and ambulate.
* **The above mentioned is what grade of sprain***
* Grade I Sprain
54
* What are the risk associated with high dose N.S.A.I.Ds
* G.I Bleeds, and...
* Cardiovascular risk
* Renal damage
55
* The most common reason for acute low back pain is:
* Lumbosacral strain
56
* If radiculopathy is suspected with low back pain, or low back pain last longer than a month (4 weeks), which diagnostic test should be done
* MRI
| * CT Scan
57
* Complete "Ligament" tear
* Ankle instability
* Severe Pain, with moderate to severe ecchymosis.
* Unable to bear weight on affect limb
* **The above mentioned is what grade of sprain***
* Grade III Sprain
58
* Pain and stiffness in a particular shoulder, with...
| * Decrease range of motion, or loss of movement
* Adhesive Capsulitis (FROZEN SHOULDER)
59
* What disease is frequently associated with Adhesive Capsulitis/Frozen Shoulder?
* Diabetes
60
* Chronic inflammatory disorder that affects mainly the sacroiliac joints and spine (axial skeleton).
* Other joints that can be affected are the shoulders and hips.
* Pain is usually in upper back/Thoracic area
* Associated with low-grade fever and fatigue
* May have chest pain with respiration (costochondritis)
* Ankylosing Spondylitis
61
* 1st line treatment for Ankylosing Spondylitis
* NSAIDs
62
* What Impact does "HYPERTENSION" have when determining a patients risk for sports
* No risk (Exercise is encouraged)
| * As long as their is no target organ damage, or extreme elevated BP
63
* Shoulder pain when patients use overhead activity or motions are considered as:
* Impingement Syndrome, or
| * Rotator cuff tendinopathy
64
* Risk factors for Bursitis include:
* Joint Overusage
* Trauma
* Infection
* Arthritis
65
* This murmur increases in sound when standing, squatting, or Valsalva maneuver.
* Dypsnea, chest pain, and post-exertional syncope often reported.
* **In the above mentioned, what decisions can be made on sports/exercising***
* Sports participation should be determined on an individual basis
* Indicative of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
66
* On a sports physical, if a murmur with a buzzing quality is found, and it softens or disappears when the patient sits or stands, what should be done next?
* Nothing, it is a benign finding
| * No limitations on sports activity
67
* In patients with Mitral Valve Prolapse, how should a exercise regimen be determined?
* Based on ventricular size and function
* Normal ventricular function = full participation.
* Patients may proceed with activity in the ABSENCE of symptoms.
68
* Hypovolemic shock would most likely occur with fractures of the
* Pelvis
69
* Risk factors associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis
* Excessive alcohol intake
* Cigarette smoking
* Asian and Caucasian Ancestry
* Old Age
* Anorexia Nervosa
* Small Bone Frame
70
* Gout of the big toe is also known as:
* Podagra
71
* Untreated gout can lead to
* Joint immobility and renal failure
72
* Kyphosis is a late sign of
* Osteoporosis
73
* When do the posterior fontanels close in an infant
* At 3 months of age
74
* How does aspirin usage affect GOUT?
* Inhibits the ability to excrete uric acid.
75
* 1st line therapy for "Prepatellar Bursitis"
* Bursal Aspiration (it affords significant pain relief)
