Musculoskeletal

Question 1

articular structures

Answer 1

joint capsules, cartilage, synovium and synovial fluid

Question 2

extra-articular structures

Answer 2

periarticular ligaments, tendons, bursae, muscle

Question 3

ligaments

Answer 3

ropelike bundles of collagen fibrils that connect bone to bone

Question 4

tendon

Answer 4

collagen fibers connecting muscle to bone

Question 5

bursae

Answer 5

pouches of synovial fluid that cushion the movement of tendon and muscles over bone or other joint structures

Question 6

3 types of joints

Answer 6

synovial, cartilaginous and fibrous

Question 7

3 types of synovial joints

Answer 7

spheroidal, hinge, condylar

Question 8

spheroidal joints are what kind of joint and function

Answer 8

synovial joint, ball and socket flex

Question 9

Hinge joints are what kind of joint and function

Answer 9

synovial joint, motion 1 way- flexion and extension ex. elbow

Question 10

condylar joints are what kind of joint and function

Answer 10

synovial joint, 2 surfaces, knee and mandible

Question 11

Cartilaginous joint examples

Answer 11

spine and symphones pubis

Question 12

Fibrous joint example

Answer 12

skull but unable to move

Question 13

extension

Answer 13

limb goes into a straight line

Question 14

flexion

Answer 14

bending, decreases angle between the bones forming a joint

Question 15

hyperextension

Answer 15

extreme extension of joint usually by trauma

Question 16

abduction

Answer 16

movement of limb away from median plane of body (away from body)

Question 17

adduction

Answer 17

movement of limb toward to the median plane of body (toward body)

Question 18

circumduction

Answer 18

movement around an axis in a circular motion

Question 19

Internal rotation

Answer 19

rotation toward the center of the body

Question 20

external rotation

Answer 20

rotation away from the center of the body

Question 21

pronation

Answer 21

facing downward or palm facing downward

Question 22

supination

Answer 22

lying on back, or palm facing upward

Question 23

inversion

Answer 23

turing inward

Question 24

eversion

Answer 24

turning outward

Question 25

retraction

Answer 25

being drawn backward (posterior direction)

Question 26

protraction

Answer 26

being drawn forward

Question 27

opposition

Answer 27

thumb reaches across to touch fingers

Question 28

reposition

Answer 28

restoring body part back to anatomical position (thumb returns back to side of fingers)

Question 29

depression

Answer 29

lowering of a body part (ex. lowering shoulders)

Question 30

elevation

Answer 30

rise of a body part (ex. shrugging shoulders)

Question 31

ulnar deviation

Answer 31

long axis of fingers turn away from thumb and turn towards pinky (seen in rheumatoid arthritis)

Question 32

radial deviation

Answer 32

long axis of fingers turns away from pinky and toward thumb

Question 33

when examining vascular integrity of limbs, which 3 symptoms are an emergency when all together

Answer 33

coldness, severe pain and paresthesia

Question 34

where can the temporomandibular joint cause pain?

Answer 34

ear, headache/migraines

Question 35

fasciculation

Answer 35

twitching of muscle fibers

Question 36

apley scratch test

Answer 36

test of shoulder function, patient reaches behind back

Question 37

how to test acromioclavicular joint (AC) and which joint is this apart of?

Answer 37

have patient cross arm over chest. this is part of the shoulder

Question 38

If patient has pain with crossover test, what kind of problem is it?

Answer 38

the acromioclavicular joint (AC)

Question 39

Epicondylitis

Answer 39

inflammation epicondyle of the humerus and surrounding tissue (golfers/tennis elbow)

Question 40

what should fingers look like at rest?

Answer 40

slightly flexed and aligned almost parallel

Question 41

how many carpel bones in hand?

Answer 41

8

Question 42

anatomic snuffbox

Answer 42

distal to the radial styloid process with lateral extension of thumb away from hand (the dent in the wrist when thumb is extended)

Question 43

Tinel's sign

Answer 43

tingling with tapping over the median nerve as it enters the carpal tunnel

Question 44

phalen's sign

Answer 44

numbness or tingling with pressing backs of hands together in acute flexion for 60 seconds

Question 45

how many cervical, thoracic, lumbar?

Answer 45

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar

Question 46

function of paravertebral muscles?

Answer 46

allow muscles along spine to spasm

Question 47

paravertebral muscle normally feel like what?

Answer 47

firm

Question 48

flexion and extension of neck

Answer 48

chin to chest, look up at ceiling

Question 49

rotation and lateral bending of neck

Answer 49

look over one shoulder and then the other, bring ear to shoulder

Question 50

flexion and extension of spine

Answer 50

bend forward and try to touch toes, bend backward

Question 51

rotation and lateral bending of spine

Answer 51

rotate trunk, bend to side from waist

Question 52

inspect two phases of gait

Answer 52

swing (walking) and stance (foot on ground-weight bearing)

Question 53

flexion of hip

Answer 53

bend knee to chest and pull against abdomen

Question 54

extension of hip

Answer 54

leg extends posteriorly with patient near edge of table

Question 55

abduction and adduction of hips

Answer 55

reach across and grasp opposite hip; grasp ankle and move leg laterally, then medially toward opposite hip

Question 56

external and internal rotation of hip

Answer 56

flex hip and knee to 90 degrees, grasp ankle, rotate flexed lower leg medially then laterally

Question 57

what should you be feeling your Achilles tendon for?

Answer 57

nodules or tenderness

Question 58

if Achilles is intact and you pinch the calf what should happen? and what if there is a tear?

Answer 58

foot should move which means Achilles intact, if there is a tear, foot wont move

Question 59

ankle flexion (plantar flexion)

Answer 59

point foot toward floor

Question 60

ankle extension (dorsiflexion)

Answer 60

point foot toward ceiling

Question 61

inversion of ankle and how many degrees?

Answer 61

bend heel inward (35 degrees)

Question 62

eversion of ankle and how many degrees?

Answer 62

bend heel outward (25 degrees)

Question 63

ankle flexion (plantar flexion) degree of motion

Answer 63

20-50 degrees

Question 64

ankle extension (dorsiflexion) degree of motion

Answer 64

10-30 degrees

Question 65

strain

Answer 65

injury to muscles and tendons

Question 66

sprain

Answer 66

injury to ligaments

Question 67

what can strain and sprain both cause?

Answer 67

ripping or tearing sounds

Question 68

fracture

Answer 68

produces diffuse swelling around he bone after injury

Question 69

polyarthralgia

Answer 69

aches in multiple joints