Musculoskeletal assessment

Question 1

What does the musculoskeletal system contain

Answer 1

bones, muscles, and joints

Question 2

What is the musculoskeletal system controlled by

Answer 2

the nervous system

Question 3

What is the purpose of the musculoskeletal system

Answer 3

to provide structure and movement for body parts

Question 4

What is the purpose of bones

Answer 4

structure, protection, serve as levers, store calcium/phosphorus, produce RBCs

Question 5

What is vitamin C needed for

Answer 5

calcium absorption

Question 6

How many bones are in the body

Answer 6

206

Question 7

What are the types of bones

Answer 7

long, short, flat, irregular

Question 8

What does spongy bone do

Answer 8

help absorb impact

Question 9

osteoclasts

Answer 9

breakdown and clean up bone

Question 10

osteoblasts

Answer 10

build bone

Question 11

Why does bone need blood supply

Answer 11

because it is a living tissue

Question 12

Joint

Answer 12

a place where two or more bones meet

Question 13

What is the purpose of a joint

Answer 13

provide a range of motion

Question 14

Synarthrotic joints

Answer 14

connects two bones with fibrous connective tissue, immovable

Question 15

Amphiarthrotic joints

Answer 15

joining together of bone through cartilage, partially moveable

Question 16

Diarthroses/synovial joints

Answer 16

bones attach together through ligaments, have a space between bone filled with synovial fluid, freely moveable

Question 17

Ball and socket joint

Answer 17

a rounded head (ball) fits into a cup-like structure (socket) to allow movement in all planes in addition to rotation - hip, shoulders

Question 18

Condyloid joint

Answer 18

an oval shaped bone fits into an elliptical cavity to allow movement in two planes at right angles to each other - wrist

Question 19

Gliding joint

Answer 19

two flat plane surfaces move past each other - intervertebral joints

Question 20

Hinge joint

Answer 20

a convex surface fits into a cavity, allowing flexion and extension - knee and elbow

Question 21

Pivot joint

Answer 21

the joint is formed by a ring-like object that turns on a pivot - first vertebrae and the base of the skull

Question 22

Saddle joint

Answer 22

the bones that fit together are convex and concave, having opposite construction - thumb

Question 23

When do joints require further investigation

Answer 23

color changes, inflammation, infection, erythema (redness), warmth, joint deformity

Question 24

Cartilage

Answer 24

smooth, elastic connective tissue that cushions around the joints

Question 25

Tendons

Answer 25

fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

Question 26

Ligaments

Answer 26

fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone

Question 27

What do ligaments allow for

Answer 27

freedom of movement but prevent overextension

Question 28

What does the autonomic nervous system control

Answer 28

involuntary muscles

Question 29

What does the somatic nervous system control

Answer 29

voluntary skeletal muscle

Question 30

Abduction

Answer 30

moving away from the midline of the body

Question 31

Adduction

Answer 31

moving toward the midline of the body

Question 32

Circumduction

Answer 32

circular motion

Question 33

Inversion

Answer 33

moving inward

Question 34

Eversion

Answer 34

moving outward

Question 35

Extension

Answer 35

straightening the extremity at the joint

Question 36

Hyperextension

Answer 36

joint bends more than 180 degrees

Question 37

Flexion

Answer 37

bending the extremity at the joint

Question 38

Pronation

Answer 38

turning or facing downward

Question 39

Supination

Answer 39

turning or facing upward

Question 40

Protraction

Answer 40

moving forward (moving head forward at the neck)

Question 41

Retraction

Answer 41

moving backward (moving head backward at the neck)

Question 42

Rotation

Answer 42

turning a bone on its own long axis

Question 43

Internal rotation

Answer 43

turning a bone toward the center of the body

Question 44

External rotation

Answer 44

turning a bone away from the body

Question 45

Why does type 1 diabetes create an increased osteoporosis risk

Answer 45

insufficient calcium

Question 46

Passive ROM

Answer 46

muscle is getting moved for the patient

Question 47

Active ROM

Answer 47

muscle can move independently by the patient

Question 48

Muscle strength ratings

Answer 48

0: no muscular contraction 1: slight contraction 2: passive ROM 3: active ROM against some resistance 4: active ROM against full resistance

Question 49

Osteoporosis

Answer 49

a decrease in bone density due to osteoclast activity increasing and osteoblast activity decreasing

Question 50

Where are the most common fractures found

Answer 50

wrist, hip, and spine

Question 51

What is the statistic of osteoporosis

Answer 51

1/10 people over the age of 50 have osteoporosis

Question 52

Why does osteoporosis most commonly occur in women

Answer 52

due to the link between estrogen and bone density

Question 53

Uncontrollable risk factors for osteoporosis

Answer 53

age, sex, genetics, family history, previous fracture, menopause, hysterectomy, long-term glucocorticoid therapy, rheumatoid arthritis

Question 54

Modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis

Answer 54

alcohol, smoking, caffeine, low body mass index, poor nutrition, vitamin D deficiency, eating disorders, low dietary calcium intake, insufficient exercise, frequent falls