Musculoskeletal Bones

Question 1

What is a dysostoses?

Answer 1

Localized congenital/genetic bone disorder

Question 2

What is a dysplasia?

Answer 2

Diffuse/Systemic genetic/congenital bone disorder

Question 3

What is the hallmark of Osteogenesis Imperfecta?

Answer 3

Too little bone

Osteoporosis with skeletal fragility

Question 4

What is the most common cause of dwarfism?

Answer 4

Achondroplasia

Question 5

Which disease has the “erhlenmeyer flask” deformity of long bones? And bones fracture like chalk due to extreme brittleness

Answer 5

Osteopetrosis (Marble Bone Disease)

Question 6

Which form of Osteoporosis is acquired due to Post-menopause age, Senility, Idipathic?

Answer 6

Primary Osteoporosis

Question 7

What form of osteoporosis is acquired due to endocrine, neoplasia, GI, drugs?

Answer 7

Secondary

Question 8

What is the hallmark of osteoporosis?

Answer 8

Loss of bone, most obviously in parts of the skeleton with lots of trabecular bone

Question 9

What are clinical presentations of osteoporosis?

Answer 9

Fractures
Pulmonary Edema/Pneumonia
Kyphoscoliosis (hunch back)

Question 10

What is osteoporosis an imbalance of

Answer 10

bone formation and resorption

Question 11

What virus is thought to contribute to the pathology of paget’s disease?

Answer 11

Paramyxovirus

Question 12

What is the histological hallmark of Paget’s

Answer 12

Mosiac, jigsaw pattern of lamellar bone with prominent cement lines

Question 13

The lack of what vitamin is associated with Rickett’s?

Answer 13

Vitamin D

Question 14

What is the difference between patients suffering from Rickett’s vs. Osteomalacia?

Answer 14

Kids have Rickett’s

Adults have Osteomalacia

Question 15

What hormone regulates calcium levels?

Answer 15

PTH

Question 16

What is the bone related hallmark of Hyperthyroidism?

Answer 16

Osteoclast activation and increasing bone resorption (to increase blood Ca levels)

Question 17

What are two complications of hyperthyroidism (related to bone)

Answer 17

Brown tumor

von Reckinghausen disease of bone

Question 18

What are the steps a healing bone fracture goes thru

Answer 18

Organizing hematoma
Granulation tissue
Osteoid formation
Cartilage formation
New Bone Formation
Remodeling into lamellar bone

Question 19

What does osteonecrosis look like from a histological perspective?

Answer 19

Dead bone with empty lacunae
fat necrosis
“creeping substitution”

Question 20

What is inflamed when suffering from osteomyelitis?

Answer 20

bone and marrow cavity

Question 21

What is almost always the etiology of osteomyelitis?

Answer 21

Infection

Question 22

What classes of bacterium typically infect bone in terms of osteomyelitis?

Answer 22

Staph in adults
E.coli & Group B Strep in neonates
Salmonella in Sickle Cell Patients
Pseudomonas in IV users
TB

Question 23

What disease is known as Pott’s when it affects the spine?

Answer 23

Osteomyelitis

Question 24

What are the 4 bone forming tumors?

Answer 24

Osteoma
Osteoid osteoma
Ostoblastoma
OSTEOSARCOMA

Question 25

What are the 3 cartilage forming tumors?

Answer 25

Osteochondroma Enchondroma Chondrosarcoma

Question 26

What are the two miscellaneous bone tumors?

Answer 26

Giant Cell Tumor | Ewing sarcoma and PNET

Question 27

Which malignant tumor is a threat to young patients?

Answer 27

Ewing Sarcoma

Question 28

How are tumors of connective tissues defined (terminology)

Answer 28

By pattern of differentiation/cell of origin in prefix of name

Question 29

what does the prefix leiomy- indicate?

Answer 29

smooth muscle

Question 30

What does the prefix fibro- indicate?

Answer 30

fibroblasts, myofibroblasts

Question 31

what does the prefix rhabdomyo- indicate?

Answer 31

rough skeletal

Question 32

what does the prefix myxoid indicate?

Answer 32

morphologic pattern of stroma

Question 33

What is the difference between -oma and -sarcoma?

Answer 33

sarcoma is malignant

Question 34

What disease consists of multiple benign osteomas?

Answer 34

gardner syndrome

Question 35

What benign tumor is painful at night and relieved by NSAIDs?

Answer 35

Osteoid osteoma

Question 36

What age of patients are usually affected by osteoid osteomas?

Answer 36

teens and twenties

Question 37

What benign tumor's pain is not relieved by NSAIDs?

Answer 37

Osteoblastoma

Question 38

What are the age groups most impacted by osteosarcomas?

Answer 38

Younger than 20 and the elderely

Question 39

What are radiographic clues that indicate osteosarcoma?

Answer 39

Destructive lesion Sunburst pattern Codman triangle

Question 40

Where is the most likely place to get an osteosarcoma?

Answer 40

Knee joint

Question 41

What do osteoprogenitor cells differentiate into?

Answer 41

Osteoblasts

Question 42

Where can you find woven bone?

Answer 42

Fetal skeleton At growth plates Adults-pathologic

Question 43

What two types of bone are considered spongy bone?

Answer 43

Trabecular & Cancellous