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Skin Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

What is the top layer of skin?

A

Horny Layer

Stratum corneum

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2
Q

What layer is between the Corneum and Spinosum?

A

Stratum Granulosm

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3
Q

What does the Granule in Granulosm refer to?

A

Keratinohyaline granules

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4
Q

What layer is between the Stratum Granulosm and the Stratum basalis?

A

Stratum Spinosum

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5
Q

What is below the dermis in skin?

A

Subcutaneous fat

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6
Q

What is septae made up

A

fibrous connective tissue

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7
Q

Why is it important to know about fat lobules?

A

Because there are inflammatory diseases of fat tissue as well - panniculitis

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8
Q

What is an excoriation?

A

Scratch: A lesion breaking the epidermis and causing a red linear mark

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9
Q

What is lichenification

A

Thick/rough skin

Usually occurs due to repeated rubbing

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10
Q

What is a macule

A

flat circumscribed area that is 5mm or less and distinguished by differing skin color

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11
Q

What is a papule

A

elevated lesion 5mm or less in diameter

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12
Q

What do you call a macule if it is greater than 5mm?

A

Patch

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13
Q

nodule

A

papule that is greater than 5mm

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14
Q

Pustule

A

Discreet, pus-filled, raised lesion

Pus filled Papule

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15
Q

Scale

A

Dry, plate-like

from defects in keratinization

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16
Q

Small blister

A

vesicle

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17
Q

Large blister

A

bulla

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18
Q

Acantholysis

A

loss of intercellular adhesion of keratinocytes

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19
Q

Aconthosis

A

diffuse epidermal hyperplasia

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20
Q

What does -tosis mean

A

Too much of something and no inflammation

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21
Q

Dyskeratosis

A

Abnormal keratinization occurring prematurely within individual cells or groups of cells below stratum granulosum

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22
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Hyperplasia of the stratum corneum

Typically a qualitative abnormality of keratin

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23
Q

Lentiginous

A

Linear melanocyte proliferation along the epidermal basal cell layer

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24
Q

Papillomatosis

A

Hyperplasia and enlargement of the dermal papillae

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25
Parakeratosis
Keratinization characterized by retention of the nuclei in the stratum corneum
26
Where is parakeratosis normal?
Buccal mucosa (and in some other mucosae)
27
Spongiosis
Edema of the epidermis
28
What does acute inflammation mean in dermatology
``` Days to weeks (not 24 hours) Mononuclear infiltrate (vs. Neutrophilic) ```
29
Describe a plaque
elevated, flat-topped lesion usually greater than 5mm in diameter
30
What is the common name for urticaria
hives
31
What causes hives
dermal microvascular hyperpermeability
32
What cell is integral to hives
Mast Cells
33
Urticaria is a Type ___ Hypersensitivity
Type 1
34
What molecule is released by mast cells to cause hives
Histamine
35
What are wheals?
Pruritic plaques specific to hives
36
Type 1
Exposed to antigen IgE Mast Cells
37
Type 2
IgG/IgM | Sensitivity to autoantigen
38
Type 3
Immune Complex Mediated Deposition of complex in distant tissue sites e.g. Lupus
39
Type 4
Cell mediated Activated T Cells activate Macrophages e.g. MS
40
Allergic contact dermatitis
topical exposure to antigen
41
Atopic dermatitis
allergic exposure that may have a genetic component
42
Drug related eczematous dermatitis
Hypersensitivity to a drug
43
What is pruritus
itching
44
Erythema Multiforme
Uncommon Self-limited Hyper response to drugs
45
What type of lesion is associated with erythema multiforme
Targetoid this and lyme disease are the only diseases with it
46
What causes life threatening forms of E. multiforme
Drugs
47
What happens with serious forms of E. multiforme?
Sloughing of epidermis (life threatening)
48
Chronic Inflammatory Dermatoses
Months to Years Lichenification e.g. psoriasis, lichen planes, lichen simplex chronicus
49
Psoriasis
T cells home to dermis and induce hyperplasia and proliferative changes
50
What risk is increases with psoriases
cardiovascular
51
What lesions indicate Psoriasis
Salmon colored plaques with silver/white scales
52
What joint condition is associated with Psoriasis?
Arthritis
53
Lichen Planus
CD8 response to basal cell layer at dermoepidermal junction
54
What age group gets lichen planus
Middle aged adults
55
Prognosis of lichen planus
resolves in 1-2 years but oral version requires treatment
56
Necrotic basal cells of lichen planus
Civatte bodies
57
Other lichen planus key terms
Wickham striae Zig zag dermoepidermal interface chronicity Reticular lesion pattern
58
Lichen simplex chronicus
Roughening of the skin with appearance of lichen on a tree
59
What causes LSChronicus
response to local trauma such as rubbing or scratching
60
What is ectasia
dilation of anything in pathology
61
Impetigo lesion
Small macule that evolves to larger lesion | Honey colored crust of dried serum
62
What bacterium causes Impetigo
Staph aureus | Strep pyogenes
63
What causes warts
HPV
64
What kind of proteins do HPV virions produce
oncoproteins
65
verruca vulgaris
standard wart | papular rough surface
66
verruca plana
flat, on palms and face
67
verruca plantaris/palmaris
foot/hands
68
Condyloma acuminatum
HPV genital warts
69
Pemphigus
Group of rare autoimmune blistering disorders
70
What causes pemphigus lesions
loss of intercellular attachment between epidermal cells and squamous mucosae Due to autoantibodies to intercellular adhesion molecules
71
pemphigus vulgaris
suprabasal acantholytic blisters
72
Pemphigus foliaceus
cutaneous only | subcorneal acantholytic blisters
73
IgA pemphigus
subcorneal/intraepidermal acantholytic blisters
74
Paraneoplastic permphigus
He said "bear in mind" when describing the term Paraneoplastic
75
Pemphigus Pathophysiology
Type II hypersensitivity | IgG in vulgaris
76
Pemphigus vulgaris direct immunofluorescence
Deposition of antibodies in between all epithelial cell layers
77
Pemphigus foliaceus immunofluorescence
Autoantibodies deposited mostly in superficial layers of epidermis (sub-corneal acantholytic blister)
78
Pemphigus vulgaris clinical
middle aged or older | painful blisters
79
fogo selvageum
bite of black fly lesion
80
Bullous pemphigoid
Know the difference b/w this and pemphigus for test
81
Describe pemphigoid bullae
Non acantholytic subepidermal | Rich in eosinophils
82
Bullous pephigoid clinical
tight bullae don't rupture (missed the rest)
83
Dermatitis herpetiformis
very itchy urticaria and grouped vesicles
84
What is dermatiti herpetiformis associated with
celiac disease
85
/What type of antibodies are assiciated with D. herpetiformis
granular IgA to epidermal transglutaminase
86
Where are the IgA deposits found in immunoflurorescene for dermatitis herpetiformis?
Tips of dermal papillae | Discontinuous - only disease with this pattern
87
Seborrheic Keratosis
Pigmented epidermal tumors in middle to older aged persons Stuck on appearance
88
What mutation is associated with SK?
FGF3
89
What other disease is associated with FGF3 mutations
Achondroplasia
90
Paraneoplastic
Tumor triggers other problems around the body
91
What is characteristic of SK from a histologic standpoint
Horn cysts of keratin
92
Actinic keratosis
Premalignant sun exposure related lesions with prominent hyperkeratosis Atypia of lower portion of epidermis recommend excision
93
Solar elastosis
Grey blue damaged layer due to sun exposure
94
Squamos cell carcinoma
More men than women sun exposure p53 mutation mutation of HRAS oncogene Invasion of basement membrane into underlying stroma
95
What does in-situ mean
full layer thickness without basement membrane penetration
96
Invasive SCC
Projections of atypical cells into basement membrance The infiltrative tongues often have keratinization
97
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Slow growing Rarely metastasizes Sun exposure in fair skinned people
98
Describe BCC lesion
Pearly papule with prominent vascular markings
99
BCC and Dentistry
Gorlin syndrome with PTCH mutations
100
What is Gorlin syndrome
Hereditary Multiple BCCs even at a young age Keratocystic odotogenic tumors of jaw Palmar pits
101
What is Gorlin Syndrome also known as?
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
102
What are benign melanocytic leasions
Nevus
103
Malignant melanocytic lesions
melanoma
104
Junctional nevus
flat and pigmented
105
Compound
Raised and pigmented
106
Intradermal
Raised and less pigmented because it is skin being pushed up from below
107
Dysplastic nevi
Features in between benign and malignant
108
Melanoma v. Nevus
Larger than nevi Variation in pigmentation Irregular borders
109
ABCs of melanoma
``` Asymmetry Borders Color Diameter Evolution ```

Pathology (12 decks)

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