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Medical Conditions Block 2 > Musculoskeletal Diseases > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Diseases Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Lameness clinical sign

A

Can be nerve or muscukoskeletal
Look at which leg there is more weight on
Watch if there is trouble with stairs, jumping, getting up and down
Sore to touch? Swollen?

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2
Q

Muscle atrophy

A

More slow compared to nerve damage
Using muscle less
Cat leg in splinter/cast
Dog post acl surgery

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3
Q

Causes of swelling

A 
Hematoma 
Cellulitis 
Bursitis 
Inflammation 
Edema 
Tumors 
Abscess
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4
Q

Hematoma

A

Collection of blood under skin

After blood collection, trauma, bleeding

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5
Q

Cellulitis

A

Diffuse infection under skin

Overall swelling, may crackle/have air

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6
Q

Bursitis

A 
Inflammation of Bursa 
Small fluid containing sacs near joint 
Pain, limits movement 
Trauma/bone injury/infection/swollen joints 
Rest, steroids, NSAIDs, antibiotics
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7
Q

Inflammation

A

Muscle, joint, bone and soft tissue
Infection, trauma, immune mediated
Swelling over inflamed region

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8
Q

Edema

A

Fluid in tissues
Heart failure, lymphatic drainage
Tumor, inflammation, trauma

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9
Q

Tumors

A

Soft tissue, bone
X-ray to confirm
Benign or cancerous
Metastatic in lymph nodes

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10
Q

Abscess

A

Localized infection under skin
Cat bites, FB, trauma
Burst, puss

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11
Q

Deformities

A 
Fractures and dislocation 
Congenital malformation 
Improper old injury healing? 
Some breeds have curved legs (bow legged) 
Basset hounds, beagles
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12
Q

Fractures

A 
Leg twisted at odd angle 
Leg feels loose and limp past fracture 
Pain, not using leg 
Small (green stick) 
Comminuted (shattered) 
Multiple fracture 
Trauma, bone deformity, weak bones
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13
Q

Dislocations

A 
Knee, hip, elbow, shoulder 
Vertebrae, tail 
Unable to use when joint unstable 
Trauma 
Hip/elbow dysplasia increases risk of dislocation 
Medically pop back in with GA 
Surgery
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14
Q

Patella dislocation

A

Dogs may kick out and pop back in
Congenital/hereditary
Deepen groove to reduce ability to pop out

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15
Q

Collapse/weakness

A

Pain, difficulty getting up, stiff/sore legs
Non specific
Muscle and neurological problem

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16
Q

Inflammation

A

Heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function,

Discharge if infected

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17
Q

Does carrying leg or weight bearing create worse problems

A

Carrying leg
Needs to be seen asap
Want to avoid incorrect healing

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18
Q

Weight barring treatment

A

Rest and anti inflammatory

Pet should still be seen

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19
Q

Bruising and hematoma

A

Check skin for wounds and scabs

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20
Q

Does limping always mean pain

A

No

Can mean joint fusion, previous injury, short leg congenital defects

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21
Q

Lameness exam

A

Watch dog running outside
Palpation
Flexion tests
Walk/jog

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22
Q

Flexion test

A

Extend and flex limbs and watch for pain

Do in lateral recumbency

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23
Q

Palpation

A

Feel each limb
Look for swelling and pain
Watch for biting (use muzzle)

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24
Q

Cranial drawer

A

Best to do under sedation and anesthetic

Feel forward motion of tibia in relation to femur

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25
Radiography
Painful, hips require sedation Bones, joints (arthritis) Do not see tendons or ligaments or soft tissue
26
Problems with radiography
Don't over extend | Could fracture weak bone tumor
27
What to do if you suspect cancer
Do chest X-ray
28
Ultrasound
Tendons and soft tissue
29
MRI and CT
Joints and spine Expensive MRI best for soft tissue Need GA
30
Bone scans
Bone Tumor Bone scintigraphy Tracer given IV Pictures taken at various points Distribution of tracers dependent on rate of bone turnover and blood flow Normal values take up tracer - determines metabolism, pinpoints, abnormal bones
31
Nerve block
Place local anesthetic in area See if lameness foes away Horses
32
Arthroscopy
Larger joints - knee Visulazes, diagnoses , treats intra articular (inside a joint problem) Diagnose and perform surgery to fix at some time Hip, shoulder, knee, acl repair
33
Joint tap
Do cytology or C&S of synovial fluid (arthrocentesis) Blood test - CBC Chem panel - autoimmune disease, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia,
34
Hypoglycemia and joint taps
Reason for weakness (lack of nutrients/energy)
35
Hypocalcemia and joint taps
Calcium deficiency can cause tremor, seize, disorientation
36
Urinalysis
Kidney function Infection Inflammation Crystals and toxins
37
Genetic testing for inherited diseases
Muscular dystrophy - nerves to muscles damaged Neuropathies- lose sensation of motor function Degenerative myelpathy - progressive weakness and paralysis of legs
38
NSAIDS
``` Anti inflammatory (non steroidal) Most common pain med for muscukoskeletal ```
39
Steroids
Anti inflammatory Prednisone PU/PD don't restrict water
40
Tylenol
Acetaminophen Toxic to cats Just pain but may combine with NSAID
41
Narcotics
Severe pain | Buprenorphine
42
Acupuncture
Skeletal and nerve problems Needle stimulates nerves and muscles Release natural opioid Stimulates electrical signaling
43
Surgery
Fracture and location repairs Tendon and ligament repairs Tumors benign or cancerous
44
Ways to fix fracture
Bone plates Pins External fixators Wires
45
Luxation surgery
``` Knee, hip, elbow, shoulder Closed reduction (pop back in) If long period, open surgery ```
46
Ligament surgery
CCL and ACL | Partial and incomplete amputation - any leg
47
Physiotherapy
Builds strength and improves mobility
48
Chiropractic
Increases range of motion
49
Massage
Relaxes muscle Stimulates blood flow Reduces pain
50
Splints/casts/bandages
``` Vet or vet tech Non surgical repair of fractures Soft tissue injuries Restrict mobility to allow healing Need to build up muscle after ```
51
Splint/bandage/cast homecare
Not too tight, keep dry Watch for pain/swelling/lack of use No licking of chewing
52
Rest and time after surgery
Being too active can cause relapse Strict rest, low activity Eventually physiotherapy and slow exercise r ecco mended Use kennels and exercise pens
53
Stains/sprains
Stretching and minor tears of ligaments /tendons / muscles
54
Rupture of Achilles tendon
Causes dropped hock
55
Dislocations(locations)
Joint out of place Anesthetic Radiographs Potential surgery
56
Fracture
Emergency | External or internal fixation
57
Stifle injuries
Cruciate or collateral ligament repair | Dogs
58
Infections
Osteomyelitis Caused by trauma Exposed bone, hard to treat Cut out infected bone, antibiotics
59
Hip dysplasia
``` Hereditary Causes hind leg lameness in large dogs Severe osteoarthritis Radiography Head of femur deformed, acetabellum shallow ```
60
Polydactyl
Predisposed to arthritis
61
Luxating patellas
Hereditary Causes sporadic lameness Patella slips out of groove of femur
62
Legg perthes
Destruction of hip joint | Necrosis of femoral head
63
Elbow dysplasia
Hereditary Forelimb lameness Elbow turns out
64
Osteochondrosis
Defect in cartilage of joint | Shoulder and elbow joints
65
Panosteitis
Inflammation of bone | Leg lameness
66
Myopathies
Muscle disease cats
67
Osteoarthritis
Wear and tear arthritis Weight loss NSAIDs
68
Immune mediated arthritis
Body attacks own joints | Steroids
69
Infectious arthritis
Infectious agent in joint Joint flushes Antibiotics

Medical Conditions Block 2 (5 decks)

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