Musculoskeletal lab

Question 1

What does proximal mean?

Answer 1

Nearer to the point of attachment of a limb/part

Question 2

What does distal mean?

Answer 2

Further away from the point of attachment of a limb/part

Question 3

What does medial mean?

Answer 3

Nearer to the mid-line of the body

Question 4

What does lateral mean?

Answer 4

Further away from the midline of the body

Question 5

What does superficial mean?

Answer 5

Towards the surface of the body

Question 6

What does deep mean?

Answer 6

Away from the surface of the body

Question 7

What does origin mean?

Answer 7

A muscles’ attachment to the bone that moves the least

Question 8

What does insertion mean?

Answer 8

A muscles’ attachment to the bone that moves the most

Question 9

What does flexion mean?

Answer 9

To decrease a joint angle

Question 10

What does extension mean?

Answer 10

To increase a joint angle

Question 11

What is the origin of the lateral iliotibial muscle?

Answer 11

Ilium of the pelvis

Question 12

What 2 chicken leg muscle share the same tendon?

Answer 12

Medial and lateral knee flexor muscles

Question 12

What muscle is beneath the lateral iliotibial muscle?

Answer 12

Iliofibular muscle

Question 13

What is the posterior part of the knee flexor tendon comparable to in humans?

Answer 13

Achilles/calcaneal tendon

Question 14

Is the origin of the lateral knee flexor dorsal or ventral to the origin of the medial knee flexor?

Answer 14

Dorsal

Question 15

What is the ‘insertion’ point of muscle?

Answer 15

The attachment that moves the most

Question 16

Where does the biceps femoris sit in the human thing?

Answer 16

Posterior and lateral

Question 16

What is the ‘origin’ point of muscle?

Answer 16

The attachment that moves the least

Question 17

What compartment of the thing is the biceps femoris in?

Answer 17

Posterior compartment

Question 17

What 2 other muscles assist the movement of the biceps femoris?

Answer 17

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus

Question 17

What 3 muscles make up the hamstring?

Answer 17

Biceps femoris, semimembranous and semitendinosus

Question 17

What are biarticulate muscles?

Answer 17

Muscles that cross 2 joints

Question 18

What is concentric contraction?

Answer 18

Muscle shortens (flexion) - contractile force is greater than external force

Question 19

What is isometric contraction?

Answer 19

Muscle does not change in length - contractile force = external force

Question 20

What is eccentric contraction?

Answer 20

Muscle lengthens (extension) - contractile force is less than external force

Question 21

Describe the 6 stages of the gait cycle

Answer 21

Heel strike -> foot flat -> mid-stance -> push off -> toe off -> mid swing

Question 22

What is the equivalent of the lateral iliotibial muscle in humans?

Answer 22

Gluteus maximus

Question 23

What is the equivalent of the iliofibular muscle in humans?

Answer 23

Biceps femoris long head

Question 24

What is the equivalent of the 'sling' in humans?

Answer 24

Biceps femoris short head

Question 25

Contraction of what muscle in chickens causes extension at the hip joint?

Answer 25

Iliofibular

Question 26

Contraction of what muscle in humans causes extension at the hip joint?

Answer 26

Biceps femoris long head

Question 27

Contraction of what muscle in chickens causes flexion at the knee joint?

Answer 27

Iliofibular

Question 28

Contraction of what muscle in humans causes flexion at the knee joint?

Answer 28

Biceps femoris short and long head

Question 29

What type of contraction is occurring during a heel strike?

Answer 29

Eccentric

Question 30

What type of contraction is occurring during a foot flat?

Answer 30

Isometric

Question 31

What type of contraction occurs during mid-stance?

Answer 31

Concentric

Question 32

What movement does contraction of the iliofibular muscle have on the hip joint?

Answer 32

Extension

Question 33

What movement does contraction of the biceps femoris long head have on the hip joint?

Answer 33

Extension

Question 34

What movement does contraction of the biceps femoris short head have on the hip joint?

Answer 34

No effect

Question 35

What movement does contraction of the biceps femoris (both heads) have on the knee joint?

Answer 35

Flexion

Question 36

The placement of the iliofubular muscle insertion results in what outcome for contractions?

Answer 36

Contraction with large amplitude movement at the knee, but little power

Question 37

Insertion of the iliofibular muscle further down on the fibula would result in what outcome when contracted?

Answer 37

Contraction with a lower amplitude but higher power

Question 38

What is the term for a muscle that assists the action of another muscle, and give an example in chickens in relation to the iliofibular muscle?

Answer 38

Synergist - medial and lateral knee flexor

Question 39

What is the term for a muscle that hinders the action of another muscle, and give an example in relation to hamstring muscles?

Answer 39

Antagonist - quadriceps

Question 40

What is the purpose of the sling?

Answer 40

Prevents bowstringing of the iliofibular muscle

Question 41

What kind of prevention is the sling (active/passive)?

Answer 41

Passive

Question 42

What does the lateral knee flexor muscle prevent?

Answer 42

Bowstringing of the iliofibular muscle

Question 43

What kind of prevention is the lateral knee flexor (active/passive)?

Answer 43

Active

Question 44

What is the insertion point of the lateral and medial knee flexor muscles?

Answer 44

Tibiotarsus