Rat Lab 1

Question 1

The duodenum receives material from which three organs?

Answer 1

Stomach, liver, pancreas

Question 2

What structure in the abdominal cavity has the most vascular appearance?

Answer 2

The spleen

Question 3

What is the structure that prevents choking?

Answer 3

Epiglottis

Question 3

How many pleural cavities are there?

Answer 3

2

Question 4

What abdominal structures do humans have but rats do not?

Answer 4

Gall bladder & appendix

Question 5

What is the order that food passes through the digestive system in a rat? (starting with oesophagus)

Answer 5

Oesophagus-> stomach -> small intestine (DJI) -> caecum -> colon - > rectum -> anus

Question 6

What is the first serous membrane cut during the rat disection?

Answer 6

Parietal Peritoneum

Question 7

What are the 2 regions of the stomach and their functions?

Answer 7

Transparent anterior region - food storage

Opaque posterior region - acid + enzymes

Question 7

What is the name of the sphincter between the stomach and duodenum, and what is its function?

Answer 7

Pyloric sphincter - controls the flow of chyme between the stomach and duodenum

Question 8

What attaches the coils of the small intestine?

Answer 8

Mesentery

Question 9

Name the 3 sphincters and describe their control

Answer 9

Pyloric - involuntary
Rectum - involuntary
Anus - partial voluntary

Question 9

What structure separates the abdominal and thoracic cavity?

Answer 9

The diaphragm

Question 10

Where does the reabsorption of water mainly occur?

Answer 10

Small intestine

Question 11

Where does dehydration of digestive contents occur?

Answer 11

Colon

Question 12

What is the largest gland in the body?

Answer 12

Liver

Question 12

What are the two organs in the rat that secrete their products directly into the Duodenum via a common duct?

Answer 12

Pancreas and liver

Question 13

Where is bile produced in rats?

Answer 13

Liver

Question 13

What body system does the spleen belong to?

Answer 13

Lymphatic

Question 14

What is the name of the ducts that connect the liver to the small intestine?

Answer 14

Hepatic ducts

Question 15

Which structure in the abdominal cavity has the least vascular appearance?

Answer 15

Stomach

Question 16

What is the endocrine function of the liver?

Answer 16

Hormones

Question 16

What is the exocrine function of the liver?

Answer 16

Bile secretion

Question 17

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 17

Digestive enzymes

Question 17

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 17

Insulin & glucagon

Question 18

What is the function of bile?

Answer 18

Breakdown lipids

Question 19

What is the name of the membrane that lines the right lung?

Answer 19

Visceral pleura

Question 20

Name the body cavities and how many there are

Answer 20

Peritoneum x1 Pericardial x1 Pleural x2

Question 21

What is the function of mesentery tissue?

Answer 21

Attaches the intestines to the wall of the abdomen and provides a medium for vessels to run through

Question 22

What type of cells comprise the visceral and parietal layers of body cavities?

Answer 22

Mesothelia

Question 23

What 2 structures make up the roof of the mouth?

Answer 23

Hard palate (anterior) and soft palate (posterior)

Question 24

What is the glottis?

Answer 24

The opening of the trachea

Question 25

Where do the kidneys lie?

Answer 25

Near the spine

Question 26

What does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 26

Alkaline digestive juices (exocrine) & Hormones (insulin & glucagon - endocrine)

Question 27

Where does the pancreas secrete its digestive juices?

Answer 27

Duodenum

Question 28

Where is bile stored in humans?

Answer 28

Gall bladder

Question 29

What produces bile?

Answer 29

The liver

Question 30

Where does the liver secrete bile into?

Answer 30

The duodenum

Question 31

What duct does the liver secrete bile through?

Answer 31

Hepatic bile duct

Question 32

What material is broken down in the caecum?

Answer 32

Cellulose

Question 33

What kind of teeth do rats have?

Answer 33

3x Molar on each side 1x Incisor on each side