Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(68 cards)
1
Q
arthr/o
A
joint
2
Q
burs/o
A
bursa, sac of fluid near joint
3
Q
chrondr/o
A
cartilage
4
Q
erg/o
A
work
5
Q
fasci/o
A
fascia
6
Q
kin/o, kinesi/o
A
movement
7
Q
muscul/o
A
muscle
8
Q
my/o
A
muscle
9
Q
myel/o
A
bone marrow, spinal cord
10
Q
oste/o
A
bone
11
Q
synov/i
A
synovial fluid, joint, or membrane
12
Q
ten/o, tendin/o
A
tendon
13
Q
ton/o
A
tone, pressure
14
Q
What are the functions of bones?
A
- form the skeleton
- provide the chief means of support for the body
- provide the mechanism for motion
- protect vital organs
- serve as a production factory for blood cells
- store calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium salts
15
Q
What are the shapes of bones?
A
- long
- tubular
- short
- sesamoid
- cuboidal
- flat
16
Q
long bones
A
longer that they are wide and found in the limbs (like the femur and humerus)
17
Q
tubular bones
A
long bones
18
Q
short bones
A
roughly cube shaped bones like carpal and tarsal bones
19
Q
sesamoid bones
A
- short bone shaped like a sesame seed formed within the tendons
- cartilaginous in early life and osseous in the adult
- largest sesamoid bone in humans is the patella
20
Q
cuboidal bones
A
short bones
21
Q
flat bones
A
- consist of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone
- flat cross section, not rounded
- skull and ribs are examples
- have marrow but no marrow cavity
22
Q
irregular bones
A
bones that don’t fit above, like the mandible and vertebrae
23
Q
cartilage
A
a type of flexible connective tissue with no blood vessels
24
Q
types of joints
A
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
25
synovial joints
- the most common type of joint
- articular cartilage that covers the bone ends
- joint cavity lined with a synovial membrane, which secretes a thick, viscid, slippery mucous that cushions the joint and allow smooth motion
- joint capsule of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and provides stability of the joint
- accessory ligaments that give reinforcement
26
axial skeleton
```
skull
hyoid
ribs
sternum
vertebrae
sacrum
```
27
appendicular skeleton
shoulder girdle
pelvic girdle
extremeties
28
closed fracture
does not involve a break in the skin
29
compound fracture
projects through the skin with a possibility of infection
30
comminuted fracture
more than two separate bone components (fragments)
31
transverse fraction
breaks shaft of a bone across the longitudinal axis
32
greenstick fracture
- only one side of the shaft is broken and the other is bent
- common in children
33
spiral fracture
spread along the length of a bone and produced by twisting stress
34
colles' fracture
occurs in wrist and affects the distal radius bone
35
compression fracture
vertebrae collapse due to trauma, tumor, or osteoperosis
36
epiphyseal fracture
occurs when matrix is calcifying and chondrocytes are dying; usually seen in children
37
skeletal muscle
- also called striated muscle
- attached to the skeleton by tendons
- contraction of skeletal muscle is under voluntary control
38
cardiac muscle
- also called heart muscle
- contains interlocking involuntary striated muscle as well as smooth muscle
- allows the electrical impulses to pass quickly across the muscle fibers
39
smooth muscle
- found in the walls of all the hollow organs of the body (except the heart)
- contraction reduces the size of he structures
- movement is generally considered involuntary
40
ankylosis
condition of stiffening of a joint
41
arthralgia
pain in a joint
42
arthritis
inflammation of a joint
43
arthrodesis
surgical fixation of a joint
44
arthropathy
joint disease
45
bursitis
inflammation of the bursa
46
carpal
pertaining to the wrist bones
47
chondral
pertaining to cartilage
48
chondralgia
pain around and in the cartilage
49
coccygeal
pertaining to the coccyx
50
connective
tissue connecting or binding together
51
dactylic
pertaining to a finger or toe
52
femoral
pertaining to the femur (thigh bone)
53
iliac
pertaining to the ilium
54
kyphosis
abnormal curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback)
55
lordosis
abnormal anterior curvature of spine, usually lumbar (swayback or hollow back)
56
metacarpal
long bones of the hand that form the skeletal structure of the palm
57
osteoblast
bone-forming cell
58
osteocarcinoma
cancerous tumor of the bone
59
osteochondritis
inflammation of bone and cartilage
60
osteopenia
lower than average bone density; can be a precursor to osteoporosis
61
osteoporosis
condition resulting in reduction of bone mass
62
osteorrhaphy
suture of bone
63
patellar
pertaining to the patella
64
phalangeal
bones of the fingers and toes
65
scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine
66
sternotomy
surgical incision of the sternum
67
tendonitis
inflammation of the tendon
68
What CPT code series pertains to the musculoskeletal system?
20,000 series
