Musculoskeletal system and movements

Question 1

hinge joint

Answer 1

allows for movement in 1 direction (flexion + extension)

Question 2

ball + socket joint

Answer 2

allows for movement in all directions

Question 3

joint
tendon
ligament
fixator muscle

Answer 3

Joint- the point where 2 or more bones meet
Tendon- connective tissue which connects muscle to bone
Ligament- connective tissue which connects bone to bone
Fixator muscle- a muscle stabilising one part of the body while another part moves

Question 4

agonist and antagonist

Answer 4

Agonist- the muscle responsible for movement occurring
Antagonist- the muscle that opposes the agonist

Agonist- concentric
Antagonist- eccentric

Question 5

types of contractions

Answer 5

Isometric contraction- where a muscle contracts under tension and stays the same length
Concentric- where a muscle contracts under tension and shortens
Eccentric- where a muscle contracts under tension and lengthens

Question 6

articulating bones

Answer 6

connective tissues which connects muscle to bone

Question 7

articulating bones in the:
shoulder
elbow
wrist
knee
ankle

Answer 7

Shoulder- humerus and scapula
Elbow- Humerus, radius and ulna
Wrist- radius, ulna, carpals
Hips- pelvis and femur
Knee- femur, patella, tibia and fibula
Ankle- tibia, fibula and talus

Question 8

flexion and extension

Answer 8

Flexion- movement which decreases the angle at a joint
Extension- movement which increases the angle at a joint

Question 9

abduction and adduction
horizontal abduction and adduction

Answer 9

Abduction- movement of a body part away the mid-line of the body
Adduction- movement of a body part towards from the mid-line of the body
Horizontal abduction- movement of a body part away from the mid-line of the body while its held parallel to the ground
Horizontal adduction- movement of a body part towards from the mid-line of the body while its held parallel to the ground

Question 10

rotation

Answer 10

movement where articulating bones move in 360-degree motion

Question 11

plantarflexion and dorsiflexion

Answer 11

Plantarflexion- movement at the ankle where the toe moves downwards
Dorsiflexion- movement at the ankle where the toe move upwards

Question 12

anagram for planes and axes

Answer 12

for the students
SLT
cartwheels spins somersaults

Question 13

sagittal plane
+
example

Answer 13

Splits body into left and right

Kicking a football
Chest pass

Question 14

frontal plane
+
example

Answer 14

Splits body into front and back

Cartwheel
Star jump

Question 15

transverse plane
+
example

Answer 15

Splits body into top and bottom

Spinning in ice skating

Question 16

longitudinal axis

Answer 16

Head to toe through COM

Question 17

sagittal axis

Answer 17

Front to back through COM

Question 18

transverse axis

Answer 18

Side to side through COM

Question 19

what does PNF stand for
what is it

Answer 19

proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

an advanced stretching technique to increase flexibility

Question 20

what does the muscle spindle do

Answer 20

a proprioceptor found between the muscle and tendon which reports to the CNS how far and fast a muscle is stretched

Question 21

what does a glogi tendon do

Answer 21

found between a muscle and a fibre that detects an increase in tension. when it isometrically contracts it will override the stretch reflex system causing the muscle to relax

Question 22

what is the stretch reflex

Answer 22

the bodies protective system to bring an overstretched muscle back to a safe ROM by using the antagonist to pull the muscle back

Question 23

describe the steps of PNF stretching

Answer 23

Step 1- passive stretch with a performer until tension is felt. The muscle spindle detects this and if we have stretched too far the stretch reflex will be put into place.

Step 2- 10 second isometric contraction occurs where the partner resists the force

Step 3- the performer moves the body part to a further range of motion, so the stretch reflex can’t inhibit the movement.